Sociology 1300 Intro to Sociology - Fall Final Exam Review Guide
Structural Functionalism (TOP DOWN)- society is seen as a system (Machine), includes interdependent
parts working together as a whole, everything has a function in society
What is the deficiency of structural functionalism can't explain when society's emerge successful after destruction or power changes
Social Conflict (TOP DOWN) people constantly struggle for resources, chaos is inevitable, conflict
is natural, gender and race conflict
What is the deficiency of Social Conflict Social Harmony
Symbolic interaction (BOTTOM UP) (MICRO) experience, meaning ,definitions of situations, reality
varies on situation and interpretation
What is the deficiency of Symbolic Interaction Bottom up problem (micro), can't explain society as a whole
Sociological imagination the link between historical and individual context
Paradigm (cannot be false) deals with society as a whole, not testable like a theory
Theory (can be false) rooted in paradigms, testable
What is the difference between paradigm and theory Paradigm cannot be testable or false, a theory can be tested and can be false
Besides long term health outcomes, what other the community has a higher domestic violence rate
consequence do slaughterhouses do to the community
Kuznets's curve shows inequality increases during the early stages if capitalist Development, then
declines, and eventually stabilizes at a relatively low level
Race (American social construction) biological markers people use to identify what
category a person belongs to. they share biologically transmitted traits that
members of a society consider important
Historically, slavery was never based on skin color, what crime, conquest, religion, and class
was slavery based on?
Where was the idea of race born, and is it in any other America from the slave trade, and no it is not in any other societies
society's?
Stuvia 2026-2027
, Sociology 1300 Intro to Sociology - Fall Final Exam Review Guide
Ethnicity Race, religion, culture, language (combination of all)
What is the difference between race and ethnicity? Race is constructed from biological traits and ethnicity is constructed from cultural
traits
stereotype a simplified description applied to every person in some category
Prejudice a rigid and unfair generalization about an entire categorization of people
Discrimination (action) unequal treatment of various categories of people (ex./ Jim Crow laws, redlining,
Chinese exclusionary act)
redlining when banks code African American neighborhoods as "red: the lowest ranking on
their loan evaluations, thereby making it next to impossible to get a mortgage for a
home in these districts
What is the difference between prejudice and prejudice refers to attitudes, while discrimination is a matter of action
discrimination?
Minority any category of people distinguished by physical or cultural difference that a society
sets apart and subordinates
Minority-Majority a state that has a greater number of minorities than non-hispanic whites
Majority more than half, any group greater than 50%
Assimilation the process by which minorities gradually adopt patterns of the dominant culture
(ways to escape prejudice and discrimination)
segregation they physical and social separation of categories of people
hyper segregation having little to no contact of any kind of people outside the local community
genocide the systematic killing of one category of people by another
Pluralism a state in which people of all races and ethnicities are distinct but have equal social
standing (ex./ USA is pluralistic to the extent that all people have equal standing
under the law)
Stuvia 2026-2027
Structural Functionalism (TOP DOWN)- society is seen as a system (Machine), includes interdependent
parts working together as a whole, everything has a function in society
What is the deficiency of structural functionalism can't explain when society's emerge successful after destruction or power changes
Social Conflict (TOP DOWN) people constantly struggle for resources, chaos is inevitable, conflict
is natural, gender and race conflict
What is the deficiency of Social Conflict Social Harmony
Symbolic interaction (BOTTOM UP) (MICRO) experience, meaning ,definitions of situations, reality
varies on situation and interpretation
What is the deficiency of Symbolic Interaction Bottom up problem (micro), can't explain society as a whole
Sociological imagination the link between historical and individual context
Paradigm (cannot be false) deals with society as a whole, not testable like a theory
Theory (can be false) rooted in paradigms, testable
What is the difference between paradigm and theory Paradigm cannot be testable or false, a theory can be tested and can be false
Besides long term health outcomes, what other the community has a higher domestic violence rate
consequence do slaughterhouses do to the community
Kuznets's curve shows inequality increases during the early stages if capitalist Development, then
declines, and eventually stabilizes at a relatively low level
Race (American social construction) biological markers people use to identify what
category a person belongs to. they share biologically transmitted traits that
members of a society consider important
Historically, slavery was never based on skin color, what crime, conquest, religion, and class
was slavery based on?
Where was the idea of race born, and is it in any other America from the slave trade, and no it is not in any other societies
society's?
Stuvia 2026-2027
, Sociology 1300 Intro to Sociology - Fall Final Exam Review Guide
Ethnicity Race, religion, culture, language (combination of all)
What is the difference between race and ethnicity? Race is constructed from biological traits and ethnicity is constructed from cultural
traits
stereotype a simplified description applied to every person in some category
Prejudice a rigid and unfair generalization about an entire categorization of people
Discrimination (action) unequal treatment of various categories of people (ex./ Jim Crow laws, redlining,
Chinese exclusionary act)
redlining when banks code African American neighborhoods as "red: the lowest ranking on
their loan evaluations, thereby making it next to impossible to get a mortgage for a
home in these districts
What is the difference between prejudice and prejudice refers to attitudes, while discrimination is a matter of action
discrimination?
Minority any category of people distinguished by physical or cultural difference that a society
sets apart and subordinates
Minority-Majority a state that has a greater number of minorities than non-hispanic whites
Majority more than half, any group greater than 50%
Assimilation the process by which minorities gradually adopt patterns of the dominant culture
(ways to escape prejudice and discrimination)
segregation they physical and social separation of categories of people
hyper segregation having little to no contact of any kind of people outside the local community
genocide the systematic killing of one category of people by another
Pluralism a state in which people of all races and ethnicities are distinct but have equal social
standing (ex./ USA is pluralistic to the extent that all people have equal standing
under the law)
Stuvia 2026-2027
