NSG 1130 Final Exam - Troy University Basic Nursing Concepts Flashcards & Verified Answers
Animism Perhaps the oldest set of beliefs about healthcare, it views survival as a balance
between humans and spiritual forces. Illness may result from disrupted harmony
with spirits, ancestors, or nature. Healing often involves rituals, offerings, or spiritual
guidance to restore equilibrium and appease offended entities, emphasizing holistic
and communal care.
Healthcare in the Greco-Roman world In the Greco-Roman world, temples served as sacred healing centers, especially
those dedicated to Asclepius -- hence the use of the Asclepius pole as a symbol of
the medical profession to this day. People sought divine intervention through rituals,
dreams, and offerings. Healing combined spiritual practices with medical
treatments, reflecting a holistic approach that intertwined religion, medicine, and
community belief.
Nursing in the Early Christian period Nursing and midwifery often performed by women in religious communities. Nuns
and laywomen provided care rooted in charity and spiritual duty. Midwives assisted
births using traditional knowledge, while nursing emphasized compassion, healing,
and service to the sick and poor. Some of the hospitals established by religious
orders then are still in existence today -- the Hotel-Dieu in Paris, among notable
examples, was established in the 7th century.
Nursing changes in the 16th century * Collapse of religious orders following the Reformation led to nursing shortage .
* To fill caregiving roles, authorities recruited female criminals, leading to poor care
quality and a tarnished reputation for nursing, which became associated with low
status, harsh conditions, and lack of training.
* At same time, intensity of violence and scale of carnage in 1500s and 1600s led to
advances in battlefield medicine, establishment of rudimentary field hospitals,
organized aid, and some improvements in sanitation.
Florence Nightingale Briton (1820-1910) who revolutionized nursing by introducing hygiene practices,
statistical analysis, and compassionate care during the Crimean War. She
established formal nursing education, emphasized sanitation, and advocated for
public health reforms. Work laid foundation for modern nursing as a respected,
evidence-based profession.
Stuvia 2026-2027
, NSG 1130 Final Exam - Troy University Basic Nursing Concepts Flashcards & Verified Answers
Historical perspective (post WW11) Nursing evolved rapidly: Many women entered the workforce, becoming more
independent and assertive. Advances in medicine and technology transformed
healthcare. Nursing grew as a professional discipline, and hospitals established
diploma programs to train nurses formally and meet rising healthcare demands.
Nursing developments (1950s-Present) Nursing education upgraded, expanding practice across diverse healthcare
settings. A distinct body of knowledge emerged, supported by published research.
Nursing gained recognition for promoting health, with growing emphasis on
evidence-based practice grounded in nursing-specific knowledge.
Word origin of nursing L. nutrix -- to nourish.
ICN definition of nursing Promoting health, preventing illness, advocating for patients, ensuring safe
environments, conducting research, participating in health policy, and educating.
ASN definition of nursing Defines nursing through its scope of practice, professional standards, and
regulation. Emphasizes safe, effective care, professional accountability, and
adherence to ethical and legal guidelines, ensuring nurses are competent,
informed, and responsible in diverse healthcare environments.
QSEN Competencies (Quality and Safety Education for Principles that guide nursing education to improve care quality and safety. They
Nurses) emphasize:
* Patient-centered care
* Teamwork and collaboration.
* Evidence-based practice
* Quality improvement
* Safety
* Informatics.
Patient-centered care Recognizing patients as the source of control; respecting their preferences, values,
and needs; and involving them in all care decisions.
Teamwork and collaboration "Functioning effectively within nursing and interprofessional teams, fostering open
communication, mutual respect, and shared decision-making to achieve quality
patient care."
Evidence-based practice "Integrating best current evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences to
deliver optimal healthcare, improving outcomes through informed, research-
supported decision-making."
Quality improvement "Using data to monitor outcomes and continuously improve healthcare systems and
practices, enhancing safety, effectiveness, and patient-centered care."
Stuvia 2026-2027
, NSG 1130 Final Exam - Troy University Basic Nursing Concepts Flashcards & Verified Answers
Safety "Minimizing risk of harm to patients and providers through effective system practices
and individual performance."
Healthy People 2030 Data-driven national goals that aim to help people live healthy, thriving lives free of
preventable illness or injury. Initiative seeks to eliminate health disparities, improve
health literacy, create supportive environments, promote healthy behaviors across
all ages, and engage leadership to drive impactful health actions.
Preventing illness Educating communities, modeling wellness, leading outreach programs, and raising
public awareness through media. Involvement in clinics and health initiatives fosters
informed choices, early detection, and healthier lifestyles, strengthening public
health through proactive, evidence-based care.
Restoring health Detecting illness through assessments like blood pressure and glucose checks,
referring abnormal findings to PCPs or specialists, planning and teaching
rehabilitation, and supporting recovery in mental health and chemical dependency
programs — ensuring holistic care across physical, emotional, and behavioral
health needs.
Facilitating coping with disability and death Nurses help patients maximize their strength and potential, teaching self-care,
referring to community support systems, and providing compassionate care through
palliative and hospice programs that ensure dignity, comfort, and emotional support
for patients and their families.
Nursing as a professional discipline Nursing is defined by a unique body of knowledge, a strong service orientation, and
recognized authority. Guided by a professsional and ethical code, it embraces
ongoing research, autonomy, and self-regulation to ensure high-quality,
compassionate, and evidence-based care.
Educational preparation for Nursing Practice * Practical and vocational nursing
* RN programs (diploma, associate's degrees, BSN
* Graduate education
* Constant continuing education and certification
* In-service education
Professional Nursing Organizations National Nursing Organizations
-American Nurses Association (ANA)
-National League for Nurses (NLN)
-American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN)
-American Academy of Nursing (AAN)
-National Student Nurses Association (NSNA)
Nursing scope & standards of practice ANA establishes; the standards protect the nurse, the patient, and the institution;
describes expected level of performance; each nurse is responsible for their own
quality of practice
Nurse Practice Acts State laws that define nursing scope, set licensure standards, and set up statutory
bodies (e.g. nursing boards) that regulate the practice to ensure public safety and
professional accountability.
Stuvia 2026-2027
, NSG 1130 Final Exam - Troy University Basic Nursing Concepts Flashcards & Verified Answers
NLN 10 trends for nursing education (critical challenges) Changing demographics & diversity: Adapting to aging populations and multicultural
needs.
Technological explosion: Integrating simulation, AI, and telehealth.
Globalization: Addressing international health challenges (e.g. global response to
COVID pandemic).
Educated consumer & genomics: Responding to informed patients and genetic
advances.
Population-based care: Managing complex, community-focused health.
Health care costs & managed care: Navigating financial pressures.
Health policy & regulation: Influencing and adapting to policy changes.
Interdisciplinary education: Promoting team-based, collaborative practice.
Nursing shortage & lifelong learning: Expanding workforce development.
Advances in nursing science: Driving evidence-based education and practice.
Compassion fatigue Emotional exhaustion from prolonged caregiving. Leads to reduced empathy,
stress, and decreased ability to connect with patients effectively.
Burnout Chronic workplace stress that causes emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and
reduced personal accomplishment, hurting care quality and nurse well-being.
Secondary traumatic stress Emotional distress from exposure to others' trauma, leading to symptoms similar to
PTSD, such as anxiety, fatigue, and detachment.
Resilience Nurses can strengthen their ability to thrive by practicing self-care, seeking peer
support, engaging in reflective practice, pursuing professional development, and
maintaining work-life balance. These foster emotional endurance, adaptability, and
sustained compassion in the face of ongoing stress and complex patient care
demands.
Institute of Medicine's 6 outcomes Safe: Avoid harm caused by the care intended to help.
Timely: Minimize delays for those receiving and giving care.
Effective: Base care on scientific evidence and avoid underuse or misuse.
Efficient: Reduce waste of resources, time, and energy.
Equitable: Ensure care quality does not vary due to personal characteristics.
Patient-Centered: Respect and respond to individual preferences, needs, and
values.
Accessibility Challenges like geographic disparities, insurance gaps, provider shortages,
transportation barriers, and high costs, limiting timely and equitable care for many.
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) 2010 federal legislation aimed at expanding health insurance coverage, protecting
patients with preexisting conditions, promoting preventive care, improving quality,
and reducing costs through subsidies, Medicaid expansion, and insurance
marketplace reforms.
Healthcare marketplaces Online platforms set up by states or the federal government that allow individuals to
compare, select, and purchase health insurance plans with income-based
subsidies.
Stuvia 2026-2027
Animism Perhaps the oldest set of beliefs about healthcare, it views survival as a balance
between humans and spiritual forces. Illness may result from disrupted harmony
with spirits, ancestors, or nature. Healing often involves rituals, offerings, or spiritual
guidance to restore equilibrium and appease offended entities, emphasizing holistic
and communal care.
Healthcare in the Greco-Roman world In the Greco-Roman world, temples served as sacred healing centers, especially
those dedicated to Asclepius -- hence the use of the Asclepius pole as a symbol of
the medical profession to this day. People sought divine intervention through rituals,
dreams, and offerings. Healing combined spiritual practices with medical
treatments, reflecting a holistic approach that intertwined religion, medicine, and
community belief.
Nursing in the Early Christian period Nursing and midwifery often performed by women in religious communities. Nuns
and laywomen provided care rooted in charity and spiritual duty. Midwives assisted
births using traditional knowledge, while nursing emphasized compassion, healing,
and service to the sick and poor. Some of the hospitals established by religious
orders then are still in existence today -- the Hotel-Dieu in Paris, among notable
examples, was established in the 7th century.
Nursing changes in the 16th century * Collapse of religious orders following the Reformation led to nursing shortage .
* To fill caregiving roles, authorities recruited female criminals, leading to poor care
quality and a tarnished reputation for nursing, which became associated with low
status, harsh conditions, and lack of training.
* At same time, intensity of violence and scale of carnage in 1500s and 1600s led to
advances in battlefield medicine, establishment of rudimentary field hospitals,
organized aid, and some improvements in sanitation.
Florence Nightingale Briton (1820-1910) who revolutionized nursing by introducing hygiene practices,
statistical analysis, and compassionate care during the Crimean War. She
established formal nursing education, emphasized sanitation, and advocated for
public health reforms. Work laid foundation for modern nursing as a respected,
evidence-based profession.
Stuvia 2026-2027
, NSG 1130 Final Exam - Troy University Basic Nursing Concepts Flashcards & Verified Answers
Historical perspective (post WW11) Nursing evolved rapidly: Many women entered the workforce, becoming more
independent and assertive. Advances in medicine and technology transformed
healthcare. Nursing grew as a professional discipline, and hospitals established
diploma programs to train nurses formally and meet rising healthcare demands.
Nursing developments (1950s-Present) Nursing education upgraded, expanding practice across diverse healthcare
settings. A distinct body of knowledge emerged, supported by published research.
Nursing gained recognition for promoting health, with growing emphasis on
evidence-based practice grounded in nursing-specific knowledge.
Word origin of nursing L. nutrix -- to nourish.
ICN definition of nursing Promoting health, preventing illness, advocating for patients, ensuring safe
environments, conducting research, participating in health policy, and educating.
ASN definition of nursing Defines nursing through its scope of practice, professional standards, and
regulation. Emphasizes safe, effective care, professional accountability, and
adherence to ethical and legal guidelines, ensuring nurses are competent,
informed, and responsible in diverse healthcare environments.
QSEN Competencies (Quality and Safety Education for Principles that guide nursing education to improve care quality and safety. They
Nurses) emphasize:
* Patient-centered care
* Teamwork and collaboration.
* Evidence-based practice
* Quality improvement
* Safety
* Informatics.
Patient-centered care Recognizing patients as the source of control; respecting their preferences, values,
and needs; and involving them in all care decisions.
Teamwork and collaboration "Functioning effectively within nursing and interprofessional teams, fostering open
communication, mutual respect, and shared decision-making to achieve quality
patient care."
Evidence-based practice "Integrating best current evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences to
deliver optimal healthcare, improving outcomes through informed, research-
supported decision-making."
Quality improvement "Using data to monitor outcomes and continuously improve healthcare systems and
practices, enhancing safety, effectiveness, and patient-centered care."
Stuvia 2026-2027
, NSG 1130 Final Exam - Troy University Basic Nursing Concepts Flashcards & Verified Answers
Safety "Minimizing risk of harm to patients and providers through effective system practices
and individual performance."
Healthy People 2030 Data-driven national goals that aim to help people live healthy, thriving lives free of
preventable illness or injury. Initiative seeks to eliminate health disparities, improve
health literacy, create supportive environments, promote healthy behaviors across
all ages, and engage leadership to drive impactful health actions.
Preventing illness Educating communities, modeling wellness, leading outreach programs, and raising
public awareness through media. Involvement in clinics and health initiatives fosters
informed choices, early detection, and healthier lifestyles, strengthening public
health through proactive, evidence-based care.
Restoring health Detecting illness through assessments like blood pressure and glucose checks,
referring abnormal findings to PCPs or specialists, planning and teaching
rehabilitation, and supporting recovery in mental health and chemical dependency
programs — ensuring holistic care across physical, emotional, and behavioral
health needs.
Facilitating coping with disability and death Nurses help patients maximize their strength and potential, teaching self-care,
referring to community support systems, and providing compassionate care through
palliative and hospice programs that ensure dignity, comfort, and emotional support
for patients and their families.
Nursing as a professional discipline Nursing is defined by a unique body of knowledge, a strong service orientation, and
recognized authority. Guided by a professsional and ethical code, it embraces
ongoing research, autonomy, and self-regulation to ensure high-quality,
compassionate, and evidence-based care.
Educational preparation for Nursing Practice * Practical and vocational nursing
* RN programs (diploma, associate's degrees, BSN
* Graduate education
* Constant continuing education and certification
* In-service education
Professional Nursing Organizations National Nursing Organizations
-American Nurses Association (ANA)
-National League for Nurses (NLN)
-American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN)
-American Academy of Nursing (AAN)
-National Student Nurses Association (NSNA)
Nursing scope & standards of practice ANA establishes; the standards protect the nurse, the patient, and the institution;
describes expected level of performance; each nurse is responsible for their own
quality of practice
Nurse Practice Acts State laws that define nursing scope, set licensure standards, and set up statutory
bodies (e.g. nursing boards) that regulate the practice to ensure public safety and
professional accountability.
Stuvia 2026-2027
, NSG 1130 Final Exam - Troy University Basic Nursing Concepts Flashcards & Verified Answers
NLN 10 trends for nursing education (critical challenges) Changing demographics & diversity: Adapting to aging populations and multicultural
needs.
Technological explosion: Integrating simulation, AI, and telehealth.
Globalization: Addressing international health challenges (e.g. global response to
COVID pandemic).
Educated consumer & genomics: Responding to informed patients and genetic
advances.
Population-based care: Managing complex, community-focused health.
Health care costs & managed care: Navigating financial pressures.
Health policy & regulation: Influencing and adapting to policy changes.
Interdisciplinary education: Promoting team-based, collaborative practice.
Nursing shortage & lifelong learning: Expanding workforce development.
Advances in nursing science: Driving evidence-based education and practice.
Compassion fatigue Emotional exhaustion from prolonged caregiving. Leads to reduced empathy,
stress, and decreased ability to connect with patients effectively.
Burnout Chronic workplace stress that causes emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and
reduced personal accomplishment, hurting care quality and nurse well-being.
Secondary traumatic stress Emotional distress from exposure to others' trauma, leading to symptoms similar to
PTSD, such as anxiety, fatigue, and detachment.
Resilience Nurses can strengthen their ability to thrive by practicing self-care, seeking peer
support, engaging in reflective practice, pursuing professional development, and
maintaining work-life balance. These foster emotional endurance, adaptability, and
sustained compassion in the face of ongoing stress and complex patient care
demands.
Institute of Medicine's 6 outcomes Safe: Avoid harm caused by the care intended to help.
Timely: Minimize delays for those receiving and giving care.
Effective: Base care on scientific evidence and avoid underuse or misuse.
Efficient: Reduce waste of resources, time, and energy.
Equitable: Ensure care quality does not vary due to personal characteristics.
Patient-Centered: Respect and respond to individual preferences, needs, and
values.
Accessibility Challenges like geographic disparities, insurance gaps, provider shortages,
transportation barriers, and high costs, limiting timely and equitable care for many.
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) 2010 federal legislation aimed at expanding health insurance coverage, protecting
patients with preexisting conditions, promoting preventive care, improving quality,
and reducing costs through subsidies, Medicaid expansion, and insurance
marketplace reforms.
Healthcare marketplaces Online platforms set up by states or the federal government that allow individuals to
compare, select, and purchase health insurance plans with income-based
subsidies.
Stuvia 2026-2027
