BIOLOGY 1407 EXAM 4 VERIFIED STUDY GUIDE
animal traits - Answers - unifying characteristics: multicellular, heterotrophic, tissues
developed from embryonic layers
animal differences - Answers - reproduction, development, developmental patterns,
animal body plans are all different in...
collagen - Answers - tissue found only in animals
muscle and nerve cells - Answers - the two types of cells only found in animals
diploid - Answers - reproductive stage that is dominant in animals
haploid gametes - Answers - sperm and eggs-- produced through meiosis
coelom - Answers - means cavity
coelomate - Answers - when you see this word think triploblastic (ectoderm, mesoderm,
and endoderm)
ectoderm - Answers - tissue layer called body covering
mesoderm - Answers - tissue layer lining coelom and suspending internal organs
endoderm - Answers - the digestive tract is located in this tissue layer
Porifera - Answers - (sponges) asymmetrical, only phylum that lacks true tissues, no
body cavity, sexual reproduction is called spawning, asexual is called budding
choanocytes - Answers - called collar cells, flagellated cells that create microcurrent to
suck food particles into fingerlike projections forming a collar around the cell (facilitate
food intake)
ameobocytes - Answers - majority of cellular structure; use pseudopodia to moe
throughout mesohyl
mesohyl - Answers - gelatinous matrix layered into the sponge body
sessile - Answers - attached to substrate; not free-living
suspension feeders - Answers - capture food suspended in water passing through body
, sequential hermaphrodites - Answers - individuals able to make both sex gametes; not
at same time
Eumetazoans - Answers - all animals that possess true tissues
Cnidaria - Answers - (hydras, corals, jellies) radial symmetry, diploblastic, no body
cavity, sexual reproduction is medusa, asexual is polyp
gastrovascular cavity - Answers - the sac with central digestive cavity w a single
opening functioning as the mouth and anus
lophotrochozoans - Answers - bilateral symmetry, triploblastic tissue, body cavity varies,
all organisms can reproduce sexually, some asexually, protostomes
lophophore - Answers - crown of ciliated tentacles that functions in feeding
trochophore - Answers - larvae in distinct developmental stage; ciliated
Platyhelminths - Answers - *check notes
Polyoplacophora (chitons) - Answers - radula used to scrape hard things
Gastropoda (snails and slugs) - Answers - *mollusc notes
Bivalvia (clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops) - Answers - have two halves hinged
together, no head, radula lost, some have eyes, suspension feeders, most sedentary
Cephalopoda (octupus, squids, and nautiluses) - Answers - use tentacles to grasp prey,
foot modified into muscular excurrent siphon, shell is reduced and internal or absent
Annelids - Answers - Errantia and Sedentaria are its two clades, Coelomates
Annelids, Sedentaria (leeches, earthworms) - Answers - fewer bristles on each segment
than errantians, less mobile than errantians; earthworms extract nutrients from soil and
they're hermaphrodites
Ecdysozoans (nematodes, arthropods, and allies) - Answers - all members secrete and
shed a tough exterior as they grow
ecdysis - Answers - process of shedding of Ecdysozoans
Nematodes (roundworms) - Answers - Phyllum Nematoda, covered by cuticle that is
shed w growth, fluid in body conducts nutrients through pseudocoelom, sexes separate
gravid - Answers - means full of eggs
animal traits - Answers - unifying characteristics: multicellular, heterotrophic, tissues
developed from embryonic layers
animal differences - Answers - reproduction, development, developmental patterns,
animal body plans are all different in...
collagen - Answers - tissue found only in animals
muscle and nerve cells - Answers - the two types of cells only found in animals
diploid - Answers - reproductive stage that is dominant in animals
haploid gametes - Answers - sperm and eggs-- produced through meiosis
coelom - Answers - means cavity
coelomate - Answers - when you see this word think triploblastic (ectoderm, mesoderm,
and endoderm)
ectoderm - Answers - tissue layer called body covering
mesoderm - Answers - tissue layer lining coelom and suspending internal organs
endoderm - Answers - the digestive tract is located in this tissue layer
Porifera - Answers - (sponges) asymmetrical, only phylum that lacks true tissues, no
body cavity, sexual reproduction is called spawning, asexual is called budding
choanocytes - Answers - called collar cells, flagellated cells that create microcurrent to
suck food particles into fingerlike projections forming a collar around the cell (facilitate
food intake)
ameobocytes - Answers - majority of cellular structure; use pseudopodia to moe
throughout mesohyl
mesohyl - Answers - gelatinous matrix layered into the sponge body
sessile - Answers - attached to substrate; not free-living
suspension feeders - Answers - capture food suspended in water passing through body
, sequential hermaphrodites - Answers - individuals able to make both sex gametes; not
at same time
Eumetazoans - Answers - all animals that possess true tissues
Cnidaria - Answers - (hydras, corals, jellies) radial symmetry, diploblastic, no body
cavity, sexual reproduction is medusa, asexual is polyp
gastrovascular cavity - Answers - the sac with central digestive cavity w a single
opening functioning as the mouth and anus
lophotrochozoans - Answers - bilateral symmetry, triploblastic tissue, body cavity varies,
all organisms can reproduce sexually, some asexually, protostomes
lophophore - Answers - crown of ciliated tentacles that functions in feeding
trochophore - Answers - larvae in distinct developmental stage; ciliated
Platyhelminths - Answers - *check notes
Polyoplacophora (chitons) - Answers - radula used to scrape hard things
Gastropoda (snails and slugs) - Answers - *mollusc notes
Bivalvia (clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops) - Answers - have two halves hinged
together, no head, radula lost, some have eyes, suspension feeders, most sedentary
Cephalopoda (octupus, squids, and nautiluses) - Answers - use tentacles to grasp prey,
foot modified into muscular excurrent siphon, shell is reduced and internal or absent
Annelids - Answers - Errantia and Sedentaria are its two clades, Coelomates
Annelids, Sedentaria (leeches, earthworms) - Answers - fewer bristles on each segment
than errantians, less mobile than errantians; earthworms extract nutrients from soil and
they're hermaphrodites
Ecdysozoans (nematodes, arthropods, and allies) - Answers - all members secrete and
shed a tough exterior as they grow
ecdysis - Answers - process of shedding of Ecdysozoans
Nematodes (roundworms) - Answers - Phyllum Nematoda, covered by cuticle that is
shed w growth, fluid in body conducts nutrients through pseudocoelom, sexes separate
gravid - Answers - means full of eggs
