BIOLOGY 1407 EXAM 1 VERIFIED STUDY GUIDE
genetic variation - Answers - differences in alleles of genes found within individuals of a
population, provides raw material for natural selection
evolution - Answers - - genetic change in a population of organisms; in general,
evolution leads to progressive change from simple to complex.
- can result from any process that causes a change in the genetic composition of a
population
Charles Darwin - Answers - - proposed natural selection as the mechanism of evolution
natural selection - Answers - - the differential reproduction of genotypes; caused by
factors in the environment; leads to evolutionary change
- produces evolutionary change when some individuals in population possess certain
inherited characteristics and then produce more surviving offspring than individuals
lacking these characteristics
- result will lead population to include more and more individuals with the advantageous
characteristics, so population evolves and becomes better adapted to its environmental
circumstances
Jean-Baptiste Lamarch - Answers - - rival theory of Charles Darwin
- evolution occurred by the inheritance of acquired characteristics
inheritance of acquired characteristics - Answers - - known as Lamarckism, the theory
that individuals genetically pass on to their offspring physical and behavioral changes
developed during the individuals' own lifetime
- ex: giraffes with short necks stretch to reach food, and this extension will pass on to
subsequent generations
way to monitor population change through time - Answers - look at changes in the
frequencies of alleles of a gene from one generation to the next. Natural selection, by
favoring individuals with certain alleles, can lead to change in allele frequencies.
population genetics - Answers - the study of the properties of genes in populations
blending inheritance - Answers - - theory in which offspring were expected to be
phenotypically accepted
, - if it was correct, then the effect of any new genetic variant would quickly be diluted to
the point of disappearance in subsequent generations
hardy-weinberg principal - Answers - original proportions of the genotypes in a
population will remain constant from generation to generation if there is:
- no mutation
- no genes are transferred to or from other sources (no immigration or emigration: gene
flow)
- mating is random
- population is large
- no selection occurs
hardy-weinberg equilibrium - Answers - - a mathematical description of the fact that
allele and genotype frequencies remain constant in a random mating population in the
absence of inbreeding selection, or other evolutionary forces; usually stated: if the
frequency of allele 'a' is 'p' and the frequency of allele 'b' is 'q', then the proper genotype
frequencies after one generation of random mating will always be P²+2PQ+Q²=1
- by detecting the lack of equilibrium, we can generate a potential hypotheses that we
can investigate directly
allele frequency - Answers - a measure of the occurrence of an allele in a population,
expressed as proportion of the entire population
P+Q=1
always find Q first
genotype frequency - Answers - a measure of the occurrence of a genotype in a
population, expressed as a proportion of the entire population
P²+2PQ+Q²=1
P being dominate allele
Q being recessive allele
P² being homozygous dominate
Q² being homozygous recessive
2PQ being heterozygous
what would cause an excess of homozygotes and deficit of heterozygoes - Answers - -
natural selection favoring homozygotes over heterozygotes
- individuals choosing to mate with genetically similar individuals
genetic variation - Answers - differences in alleles of genes found within individuals of a
population, provides raw material for natural selection
evolution - Answers - - genetic change in a population of organisms; in general,
evolution leads to progressive change from simple to complex.
- can result from any process that causes a change in the genetic composition of a
population
Charles Darwin - Answers - - proposed natural selection as the mechanism of evolution
natural selection - Answers - - the differential reproduction of genotypes; caused by
factors in the environment; leads to evolutionary change
- produces evolutionary change when some individuals in population possess certain
inherited characteristics and then produce more surviving offspring than individuals
lacking these characteristics
- result will lead population to include more and more individuals with the advantageous
characteristics, so population evolves and becomes better adapted to its environmental
circumstances
Jean-Baptiste Lamarch - Answers - - rival theory of Charles Darwin
- evolution occurred by the inheritance of acquired characteristics
inheritance of acquired characteristics - Answers - - known as Lamarckism, the theory
that individuals genetically pass on to their offspring physical and behavioral changes
developed during the individuals' own lifetime
- ex: giraffes with short necks stretch to reach food, and this extension will pass on to
subsequent generations
way to monitor population change through time - Answers - look at changes in the
frequencies of alleles of a gene from one generation to the next. Natural selection, by
favoring individuals with certain alleles, can lead to change in allele frequencies.
population genetics - Answers - the study of the properties of genes in populations
blending inheritance - Answers - - theory in which offspring were expected to be
phenotypically accepted
, - if it was correct, then the effect of any new genetic variant would quickly be diluted to
the point of disappearance in subsequent generations
hardy-weinberg principal - Answers - original proportions of the genotypes in a
population will remain constant from generation to generation if there is:
- no mutation
- no genes are transferred to or from other sources (no immigration or emigration: gene
flow)
- mating is random
- population is large
- no selection occurs
hardy-weinberg equilibrium - Answers - - a mathematical description of the fact that
allele and genotype frequencies remain constant in a random mating population in the
absence of inbreeding selection, or other evolutionary forces; usually stated: if the
frequency of allele 'a' is 'p' and the frequency of allele 'b' is 'q', then the proper genotype
frequencies after one generation of random mating will always be P²+2PQ+Q²=1
- by detecting the lack of equilibrium, we can generate a potential hypotheses that we
can investigate directly
allele frequency - Answers - a measure of the occurrence of an allele in a population,
expressed as proportion of the entire population
P+Q=1
always find Q first
genotype frequency - Answers - a measure of the occurrence of a genotype in a
population, expressed as a proportion of the entire population
P²+2PQ+Q²=1
P being dominate allele
Q being recessive allele
P² being homozygous dominate
Q² being homozygous recessive
2PQ being heterozygous
what would cause an excess of homozygotes and deficit of heterozygoes - Answers - -
natural selection favoring homozygotes over heterozygotes
- individuals choosing to mate with genetically similar individuals
