BIO 1407 FINAL EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS
What factors influenced Darwin as he synthesized the theory of evolution by natural
selection? - Answers - Observations on the Galapagos Islands, Malthus' essay on
population growth, artificial selection
How would you best measure an organism's fitness? - Answers - Reproductive success
How is genetic variation preserved in populations? - Answers - Sexual reproduction,
mutation, gene flow
How can a detrimental allele remain in a population? - Answers - Heterozygote
advantage, frequency-dependent selection
In a population with two alleles, B and b, the allele frequency of b is 0.5. B is dominant
to b. What is the frequency of individuals with the homozygous dominant phenotype if
the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? - Answers - 0.25
How does antibiotic and antiviral resistance play into natural selection? - Answers -
Increases survival of resistant individuals
What are the characteristics of the different species concepts? - Answers -
Morphological, biological, phylogenetic
What are the characteristics of the different reproductive barriers? - Answers -
Prezygotic, postzygotic
What is adaptive radiation? It may help to give an example. - Answers - Rapid
diversification of a single ancestral lineage into many species, Darwin's finches
A new plant species C, which formed from hybridization of species A (2n = 20) with
species B (2n= 16) (chromosomes), would probably produce gametes with a
chromosome number of. (Hint, It will always go halfway between the two numbers of
chromosomes for the hybrid species) - Answers - 18
What can happen in hybrid zones? (Three different occurrences) - Answers -
Reinforcement, fusion, stability
What factors would contribute to allopatric speciation? - Answers - Geographic isolation,
genetic divergence
, Ancient photosynthetic prokaryotes were very important in the history of life because
they______ - Answers - Produced oxygen
The animals and plants of India are very different from the species of nearby Southeast
Asia. Why might this be true? - Answers - India was a separate continent until recently
A swim bladder is a gas-filled sac that helps fish maintain buoyancy. Evidence indicates
that early fish gulped air into primitive lungs, helping them survive in stagnant waters.
The evolution of the swim bladder from lungs of an ancestral fish is an example of -
Answers - Exaptation
How would you choose an outgroup for your ingroup within a phylogenetic tree? -
Answers - Choose a taxon that is closely related to the ingroup but branched off before
the most recent common ancestor
What would provide the best data for determining the phylogeny of very closely related
species? - Answers - DNA sequencing
Changes in the seasons are caused by___ - Answers - Tilt of the Earth's axis
What are the characteristics of a desert? - Answers - Low precipitation, high
temperature variation
Which sea creatures might be described as pelagic animals? Benthic animals? -
Answers - Fish, whales, jellyfish; crabs, lobsters, sea anemones
Where do phytoplankton reside? - Answers - Upper layers of aquatic environments
What are the different levels of ecology? - Answers - Organism, population, community,
ecosystem, biome, biosphere
What is social learning? - Answers - Learning from others in a social context
What is an innate behavior? - Answers - Inherited behavior that doesn't require learning
What is altruism and inclusive fitness good for? Can you identify an example? -
Answers - Benefiting relatives, e.g. alarm calls in ground squirrels
What is habituation? - Answers - Decreased response to a repeated stimulus
How could a gardener reduce interspecific competition in his seedlings? - Answers -
Plant them in separate areas
To figure out the human population density of your community, you would need to know
_____. - Answers - The number of people and the area they occupy
VERIFIED ANSWERS
What factors influenced Darwin as he synthesized the theory of evolution by natural
selection? - Answers - Observations on the Galapagos Islands, Malthus' essay on
population growth, artificial selection
How would you best measure an organism's fitness? - Answers - Reproductive success
How is genetic variation preserved in populations? - Answers - Sexual reproduction,
mutation, gene flow
How can a detrimental allele remain in a population? - Answers - Heterozygote
advantage, frequency-dependent selection
In a population with two alleles, B and b, the allele frequency of b is 0.5. B is dominant
to b. What is the frequency of individuals with the homozygous dominant phenotype if
the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? - Answers - 0.25
How does antibiotic and antiviral resistance play into natural selection? - Answers -
Increases survival of resistant individuals
What are the characteristics of the different species concepts? - Answers -
Morphological, biological, phylogenetic
What are the characteristics of the different reproductive barriers? - Answers -
Prezygotic, postzygotic
What is adaptive radiation? It may help to give an example. - Answers - Rapid
diversification of a single ancestral lineage into many species, Darwin's finches
A new plant species C, which formed from hybridization of species A (2n = 20) with
species B (2n= 16) (chromosomes), would probably produce gametes with a
chromosome number of. (Hint, It will always go halfway between the two numbers of
chromosomes for the hybrid species) - Answers - 18
What can happen in hybrid zones? (Three different occurrences) - Answers -
Reinforcement, fusion, stability
What factors would contribute to allopatric speciation? - Answers - Geographic isolation,
genetic divergence
, Ancient photosynthetic prokaryotes were very important in the history of life because
they______ - Answers - Produced oxygen
The animals and plants of India are very different from the species of nearby Southeast
Asia. Why might this be true? - Answers - India was a separate continent until recently
A swim bladder is a gas-filled sac that helps fish maintain buoyancy. Evidence indicates
that early fish gulped air into primitive lungs, helping them survive in stagnant waters.
The evolution of the swim bladder from lungs of an ancestral fish is an example of -
Answers - Exaptation
How would you choose an outgroup for your ingroup within a phylogenetic tree? -
Answers - Choose a taxon that is closely related to the ingroup but branched off before
the most recent common ancestor
What would provide the best data for determining the phylogeny of very closely related
species? - Answers - DNA sequencing
Changes in the seasons are caused by___ - Answers - Tilt of the Earth's axis
What are the characteristics of a desert? - Answers - Low precipitation, high
temperature variation
Which sea creatures might be described as pelagic animals? Benthic animals? -
Answers - Fish, whales, jellyfish; crabs, lobsters, sea anemones
Where do phytoplankton reside? - Answers - Upper layers of aquatic environments
What are the different levels of ecology? - Answers - Organism, population, community,
ecosystem, biome, biosphere
What is social learning? - Answers - Learning from others in a social context
What is an innate behavior? - Answers - Inherited behavior that doesn't require learning
What is altruism and inclusive fitness good for? Can you identify an example? -
Answers - Benefiting relatives, e.g. alarm calls in ground squirrels
What is habituation? - Answers - Decreased response to a repeated stimulus
How could a gardener reduce interspecific competition in his seedlings? - Answers -
Plant them in separate areas
To figure out the human population density of your community, you would need to know
_____. - Answers - The number of people and the area they occupy
