NURS 252 FINAL EXAM 2026/2027 | NURSING
STUDY GUIDE, EXAM REVIEW & PRACTICE
QUESTIONS
reasoned thinking, openness to alternatives, ability to reflect, a desire to seek the truth -
Correct answer ✔✔ critical thinking includes:
Critical thinking separates the
________ nurse from the ________nurse. - Correct answer ✔✔ technical, professional
nurses using critical thinking rely on Rely on __________ when deciding what a patient needs. -
Correct answer ✔✔ knowledge and expertise
Clinical judgements require the nurse to _____ on knowledge, experience and information from
the patient. - Correct answer ✔✔ reflect
•Diagnose & treat human responses to actual or potential problems - Correct answer ✔✔
purpose of the nursing process
steps of teh nursing process - Correct answer ✔✔ assessment
diagnosis
planning
implementation
evaluation
observe
,use correct techniques for collecting data
differentiate between relevant and irrelevant data
organize
categorize
validate data
interpret assessment data and draw conclusion - Correct answer ✔✔ critical thinking and
assessment
identify cluster and cues,
detect inerences
recongnize an acutal or potential problem or risk
avoid making judgements - Correct answer ✔✔ critical thinking and diagnosis/analysis
identify goals and outcomes for client care, set priorities, determine appropriate strategies &
interventions, take knowledge and apply it to more than one situation, create outcome criteria,
therorize, consider the consequences of implementation - Correct answer ✔✔ critical thinking
& planning
use knowledge base
use appropriate skills and teaching strategies
test theories
delegate and supervise care
communicate appropriately in response to a situation - Correct answer ✔✔ critical thinking and
implementation
determine accuracy of theories
evaluate outcomes based on specific criteria
determine understanding of teaching - Correct answer ✔✔ critical thinking and evaluation
,•A critical thinking process that professional nurses use to apply the best available evidence to
caregiving and promoting human functions and responses to health and illness." - Correct
answer ✔✔ nursing process
Describes a competent level of nursing care demonstrated through the nursing process:
assessment, diagnosis, outcome identification and planning, implementation, and evaluation. -
Correct answer ✔✔ standards of nursing practice
systemic gathering of information related to the physical, mental, spiritual, socioecomonic,
cultural, status of individual, group, or community. USED IN EVERY STEP OF NURSING PROCESS -
Correct answer ✔✔ assessment
•Collecting data: patterns emerge, start categorizing. Start record
•Using a systematic and ongoing process
•Categorizing data
•Recording data - Correct answer ✔✔ assessment phase
•Data are used to identify the client's actual or potential health problems and strengths.
•Planning outcomes and interventions
•Data help you formulate realistic goals and choose the interventions most likely to be
acceptable to and effective for the client. - Correct answer ✔✔ assessment with diagnosis
•You gather data by observing the client's responses as you perform interventions. - Correct
answer ✔✔ assessment with implementation
•You assess client responses to interventions; client responses are data. - Correct answer ✔✔
assessment with evaluation
, focuses on disease and pathology - Correct answer ✔✔ medical assessments
focus on the clients responses to illness - Correct answer ✔✔ nursing assessmnet
what are the basic physcial assessment techniques - Correct answer ✔✔ inspection, palpation,
percussion, asuculatation
when to validate data - Correct answer ✔✔ subjective and objective data do not agree or make
sense
clients statements differ in different times in the interview
data are far outside normal range
factors are present that interfere with accurate measurement
what is a nursing diagnosis - Correct answer ✔✔ a clinical judgment
what requires a nursing diagnosis? - Correct answer ✔✔ a client with a need
•Describes disease, illness or injury - Correct answer ✔✔ medical diagnosis
•Describes the human response to disease, illness &/or injury - Correct answer ✔✔ nursing
diagnosis
cannot predict the nursing diagnosis from a medical diagnosis becaseu - Correct answer ✔✔
each patient. client has a unique medical response
are there risk factors present that make it likely that a problem will develop if you do not
intervene? - Correct answer ✔✔ risk potential nursing diagnosis
STUDY GUIDE, EXAM REVIEW & PRACTICE
QUESTIONS
reasoned thinking, openness to alternatives, ability to reflect, a desire to seek the truth -
Correct answer ✔✔ critical thinking includes:
Critical thinking separates the
________ nurse from the ________nurse. - Correct answer ✔✔ technical, professional
nurses using critical thinking rely on Rely on __________ when deciding what a patient needs. -
Correct answer ✔✔ knowledge and expertise
Clinical judgements require the nurse to _____ on knowledge, experience and information from
the patient. - Correct answer ✔✔ reflect
•Diagnose & treat human responses to actual or potential problems - Correct answer ✔✔
purpose of the nursing process
steps of teh nursing process - Correct answer ✔✔ assessment
diagnosis
planning
implementation
evaluation
observe
,use correct techniques for collecting data
differentiate between relevant and irrelevant data
organize
categorize
validate data
interpret assessment data and draw conclusion - Correct answer ✔✔ critical thinking and
assessment
identify cluster and cues,
detect inerences
recongnize an acutal or potential problem or risk
avoid making judgements - Correct answer ✔✔ critical thinking and diagnosis/analysis
identify goals and outcomes for client care, set priorities, determine appropriate strategies &
interventions, take knowledge and apply it to more than one situation, create outcome criteria,
therorize, consider the consequences of implementation - Correct answer ✔✔ critical thinking
& planning
use knowledge base
use appropriate skills and teaching strategies
test theories
delegate and supervise care
communicate appropriately in response to a situation - Correct answer ✔✔ critical thinking and
implementation
determine accuracy of theories
evaluate outcomes based on specific criteria
determine understanding of teaching - Correct answer ✔✔ critical thinking and evaluation
,•A critical thinking process that professional nurses use to apply the best available evidence to
caregiving and promoting human functions and responses to health and illness." - Correct
answer ✔✔ nursing process
Describes a competent level of nursing care demonstrated through the nursing process:
assessment, diagnosis, outcome identification and planning, implementation, and evaluation. -
Correct answer ✔✔ standards of nursing practice
systemic gathering of information related to the physical, mental, spiritual, socioecomonic,
cultural, status of individual, group, or community. USED IN EVERY STEP OF NURSING PROCESS -
Correct answer ✔✔ assessment
•Collecting data: patterns emerge, start categorizing. Start record
•Using a systematic and ongoing process
•Categorizing data
•Recording data - Correct answer ✔✔ assessment phase
•Data are used to identify the client's actual or potential health problems and strengths.
•Planning outcomes and interventions
•Data help you formulate realistic goals and choose the interventions most likely to be
acceptable to and effective for the client. - Correct answer ✔✔ assessment with diagnosis
•You gather data by observing the client's responses as you perform interventions. - Correct
answer ✔✔ assessment with implementation
•You assess client responses to interventions; client responses are data. - Correct answer ✔✔
assessment with evaluation
, focuses on disease and pathology - Correct answer ✔✔ medical assessments
focus on the clients responses to illness - Correct answer ✔✔ nursing assessmnet
what are the basic physcial assessment techniques - Correct answer ✔✔ inspection, palpation,
percussion, asuculatation
when to validate data - Correct answer ✔✔ subjective and objective data do not agree or make
sense
clients statements differ in different times in the interview
data are far outside normal range
factors are present that interfere with accurate measurement
what is a nursing diagnosis - Correct answer ✔✔ a clinical judgment
what requires a nursing diagnosis? - Correct answer ✔✔ a client with a need
•Describes disease, illness or injury - Correct answer ✔✔ medical diagnosis
•Describes the human response to disease, illness &/or injury - Correct answer ✔✔ nursing
diagnosis
cannot predict the nursing diagnosis from a medical diagnosis becaseu - Correct answer ✔✔
each patient. client has a unique medical response
are there risk factors present that make it likely that a problem will develop if you do not
intervene? - Correct answer ✔✔ risk potential nursing diagnosis
