ENVS 3 Final Exam Questions with
Complete Rationales 2026-2027
Updated.
1
Bee types and Divisions of Labour
There are three types (castes) of individuals in a honey bee colony: - Answer the queen, the
worker and the drone. Queens and workers are females and drones are males.
2
The queen has two main functions in the colony: - Answer 1) to lay eggs (she is the only
reproductive female in the colony) and
2) to produce pheromones (chemical messages) that help maintain colony cohesion, stimulate
food foraging and regulate colony reproduction.
3
Drones or male bees
1 develop from -- through the process of -- thus, they only --
2 The only function that drones have is to --- - Answer 1 develop from unfertilized eggs
through the process of parthenogenesis (they have mother but lack father); thus, they only
carry half the genetic make-up of that carried by female bees.
2 mate with virgin queens during spring and summer.
4
1 Worker bees are females with
2 They are adapted to
3 Worker bees usually perform activities according to their
4 For example, if the colony requires more food, increased foraging occurs by (a) and if the
colony requires more nurse bees, (b).
5 However, division of labour in the colony is normally - Answer 1 undeveloped reproductive
organs and constitute the majority of the adult population in a bee hive.
2 perform most of the tasks in a colony.
3 age, but the colony system is flexible.
4a allocating young bees to foraging tasks (they become precocious foragers)
4b old bees may begin producing royal jelly again and start feeding larvae
5 age-related
,5
Division of Labour and Age Polyethism
1 Division of labour refers to the variation in
2 There is a primary division of labour between - Answer 1 frequency at which individual bees
engage in specific activities (variation in degree of specialization for specific tasks).
2 reproductive (queens and drones) and worker castes (workers) because they perform different
behaviours.
6
1 There is also a secondary division of labour among --, because most of the activities in a honey
bee colony are performed by them.
2 After emerging as adults, worker bees perform a series of -- as they get older (age
polyethism). This division of labour by age starts with --- - Answer 1 workers
2 sequential tasks
with low-risk activities (cell cleaning, brood care, food processing) and ends with high-risk
activities (foraging and nest defence).
7
The Bee Emerges
1 Newly emerged workers search for cells containing --
2 They extend their proboscis and receive the food by --
3 They rest for a few hours so their exoskeleton can ---
4 the hormone -- is involved in the hardening of the bee cuticle - Answer 1 containing pollen
to feed on before engaging in hive activities; they also learn to beg for pre-digested food from
older bees.
2 trophallaxis (i.e., mouth to mouth).
3 can tan and harden before they are able to begin their hive duties.
4 bursicon
8
Cleaning and Feeding
1 Worker bees initially do --
2 When their -- glands develop, they become --and start ----
3 Nurse bees visit and feed individual larvae about--- - Answer 1 in-hive work; they clean the
hive, particularly cells in the brood area for the queen to lay eggs.
2 hypopharyngeal glands develop, they become nurse bees (at about 5 to 12 days of
emergence) and start feeding larvae with royal jelly (worker and drone larvae of less than three
, days of age as well as queen brood during their entire larval period) or a mixture of nectar and
pollen (worker and drone larvae older than three days old); they may feed the queen bee too.
3 10,000 times during a six-day period
9
Food Processing
1 After cleaning and feeding activities, the next tasks workers perform are usually
2 Bees returning from foraging trips then..
3 Nectar is subjected to two distinct processes, a - Answer 1 nectar ripening and pollen
storing.
2 regurgitate and pass the nectar contained in their honey sacs to food-processing bees (by
trophallaxis), for further ripening and transformation into honey
3 physical process, water evaporation, and a biochemical process, sugar digestion.
10
1 The evaporation process reduces the --while the biochemical digestion causes--
2 In order to produce honey, bees subject nectar to - Answer 1 water content of nectar
(condenses sugars and other nutrients contained in the nectar), while the biochemical digestion
causes complex sugars to break-down into simple sugars by means of digestive enzymes.
2 active and passive evaporation.
11
1 During the active evaporation phase, the food-processing bee
2 Then, she
3 At the same time, invertase (digestive enzyme) is added and mixed with the
4 The bee repeats this process for -- and then-- - Answer 1 regurgitates her honey stomach
nectar content and blows bubbles to expose the nectar to the dry and warm environment in the
hive, which causes it to evaporate
2 sucks the nectar back into her honey stomach and repeats the process again.
3 nectar in the bee's honey stomach. Invertase breaks down sucrose into the simple sugars,
fructose (levulose) and glucose (dextrose).
4 several minutes and then deposits the nectar droplet into an empty cell.
12
1 Moisture reduction is continued during the
2 It could be said, that honey is - Answer 1 passive evaporation phase. Warm and dry air
currents produced by the fanning of workers remove even more water from nectar stored in
Complete Rationales 2026-2027
Updated.
1
Bee types and Divisions of Labour
There are three types (castes) of individuals in a honey bee colony: - Answer the queen, the
worker and the drone. Queens and workers are females and drones are males.
2
The queen has two main functions in the colony: - Answer 1) to lay eggs (she is the only
reproductive female in the colony) and
2) to produce pheromones (chemical messages) that help maintain colony cohesion, stimulate
food foraging and regulate colony reproduction.
3
Drones or male bees
1 develop from -- through the process of -- thus, they only --
2 The only function that drones have is to --- - Answer 1 develop from unfertilized eggs
through the process of parthenogenesis (they have mother but lack father); thus, they only
carry half the genetic make-up of that carried by female bees.
2 mate with virgin queens during spring and summer.
4
1 Worker bees are females with
2 They are adapted to
3 Worker bees usually perform activities according to their
4 For example, if the colony requires more food, increased foraging occurs by (a) and if the
colony requires more nurse bees, (b).
5 However, division of labour in the colony is normally - Answer 1 undeveloped reproductive
organs and constitute the majority of the adult population in a bee hive.
2 perform most of the tasks in a colony.
3 age, but the colony system is flexible.
4a allocating young bees to foraging tasks (they become precocious foragers)
4b old bees may begin producing royal jelly again and start feeding larvae
5 age-related
,5
Division of Labour and Age Polyethism
1 Division of labour refers to the variation in
2 There is a primary division of labour between - Answer 1 frequency at which individual bees
engage in specific activities (variation in degree of specialization for specific tasks).
2 reproductive (queens and drones) and worker castes (workers) because they perform different
behaviours.
6
1 There is also a secondary division of labour among --, because most of the activities in a honey
bee colony are performed by them.
2 After emerging as adults, worker bees perform a series of -- as they get older (age
polyethism). This division of labour by age starts with --- - Answer 1 workers
2 sequential tasks
with low-risk activities (cell cleaning, brood care, food processing) and ends with high-risk
activities (foraging and nest defence).
7
The Bee Emerges
1 Newly emerged workers search for cells containing --
2 They extend their proboscis and receive the food by --
3 They rest for a few hours so their exoskeleton can ---
4 the hormone -- is involved in the hardening of the bee cuticle - Answer 1 containing pollen
to feed on before engaging in hive activities; they also learn to beg for pre-digested food from
older bees.
2 trophallaxis (i.e., mouth to mouth).
3 can tan and harden before they are able to begin their hive duties.
4 bursicon
8
Cleaning and Feeding
1 Worker bees initially do --
2 When their -- glands develop, they become --and start ----
3 Nurse bees visit and feed individual larvae about--- - Answer 1 in-hive work; they clean the
hive, particularly cells in the brood area for the queen to lay eggs.
2 hypopharyngeal glands develop, they become nurse bees (at about 5 to 12 days of
emergence) and start feeding larvae with royal jelly (worker and drone larvae of less than three
, days of age as well as queen brood during their entire larval period) or a mixture of nectar and
pollen (worker and drone larvae older than three days old); they may feed the queen bee too.
3 10,000 times during a six-day period
9
Food Processing
1 After cleaning and feeding activities, the next tasks workers perform are usually
2 Bees returning from foraging trips then..
3 Nectar is subjected to two distinct processes, a - Answer 1 nectar ripening and pollen
storing.
2 regurgitate and pass the nectar contained in their honey sacs to food-processing bees (by
trophallaxis), for further ripening and transformation into honey
3 physical process, water evaporation, and a biochemical process, sugar digestion.
10
1 The evaporation process reduces the --while the biochemical digestion causes--
2 In order to produce honey, bees subject nectar to - Answer 1 water content of nectar
(condenses sugars and other nutrients contained in the nectar), while the biochemical digestion
causes complex sugars to break-down into simple sugars by means of digestive enzymes.
2 active and passive evaporation.
11
1 During the active evaporation phase, the food-processing bee
2 Then, she
3 At the same time, invertase (digestive enzyme) is added and mixed with the
4 The bee repeats this process for -- and then-- - Answer 1 regurgitates her honey stomach
nectar content and blows bubbles to expose the nectar to the dry and warm environment in the
hive, which causes it to evaporate
2 sucks the nectar back into her honey stomach and repeats the process again.
3 nectar in the bee's honey stomach. Invertase breaks down sucrose into the simple sugars,
fructose (levulose) and glucose (dextrose).
4 several minutes and then deposits the nectar droplet into an empty cell.
12
1 Moisture reduction is continued during the
2 It could be said, that honey is - Answer 1 passive evaporation phase. Warm and dry air
currents produced by the fanning of workers remove even more water from nectar stored in
