PEDIATRIC NURSING: A CASE-BASED APPROACH 2ND EDITION | TAGHER KNAPP TEST
BANK | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | COMPLETE REVIEW
SECTION 1: RESPIRATORY DISORDERS
1. Which intervention is appropriate for the infant hospitalized with bronchiolitis?
A. Position on the side with neck slightly flexed
B. Administer antibiotics as ordered
C. Restrict oral and parenteral fluids if tachypneic
D. Give cool, humidified oxygen
ANSWER: D
Rationale: Cool, humidified oxygen is given to relieve dyspnea, hypoxemia, and insensible
fluid loss from tachypnea. The infant should be positioned with the head and chest
elevated at a 30- to 40-degree angle and the neck slightly extended to maintain an open
airway. The etiology of bronchiolitis is viral, so antibiotics are given only if there is a
secondary bacterial infection. If the infant is tachypneic, fluids are given parenterally to
prevent dehydration, not restricted .
2. An infant with bronchiolitis is hospitalized. The causative organism is respiratory
syncytial virus (RSV). The nurse knows that a child infected with this virus requires
what type of isolation?
A. Reverse isolation
B. Airborne isolation
C. Contact Precautions
D. Standard Precautions
ANSWER: C
Rationale: RSV is transmitted through droplets. In addition to Standard Precautions and
hand washing, Contact Precautions are required. Caregivers must use gloves and gowns
, when entering the room. Children are placed in a private room or in a room with other
children with RSV infections. The virus is not airborne, so Airborne isolation is not required .
3. A child has a chronic cough and diffuse wheezing during the expiratory phase of
respiration. This suggests what condition?
A. Asthma
B. Pneumonia
C. Bronchiolitis
D. Foreign body in trachea
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Asthma may present with these chronic signs and symptoms. Pneumonia
appears with an acute onset, fever, and general malaise. Bronchiolitis is an acute condition
caused by RSV. Foreign body in the trachea occurs with acute respiratory distress or failure
and may be associated with stridor .
4. Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for an infant with acute bronchiolitis
due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?
A. Activity Intolerance
B. Decreased Cardiac Output
C. Pain, Acute
D. Tissue Perfusion, Ineffective (peripheral)
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Activity intolerance is a problem because of the imbalance between oxygen
supply and demand. Cardiac output is not compromised during an acute phase of
bronchiolitis. Pain is not usually associated with acute bronchiolitis. Tissue perfusion
(peripheral) is not affected by this respiratory disease process .
5. The nurse is caring for a child hospitalized for status asthmaticus. Which
assessment finding suggests that the child's condition is worsening?
A. Hypoventilation
B. Thirst
C. Bradycardia
D. Clubbing
ANSWER: A
BANK | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | COMPLETE REVIEW
SECTION 1: RESPIRATORY DISORDERS
1. Which intervention is appropriate for the infant hospitalized with bronchiolitis?
A. Position on the side with neck slightly flexed
B. Administer antibiotics as ordered
C. Restrict oral and parenteral fluids if tachypneic
D. Give cool, humidified oxygen
ANSWER: D
Rationale: Cool, humidified oxygen is given to relieve dyspnea, hypoxemia, and insensible
fluid loss from tachypnea. The infant should be positioned with the head and chest
elevated at a 30- to 40-degree angle and the neck slightly extended to maintain an open
airway. The etiology of bronchiolitis is viral, so antibiotics are given only if there is a
secondary bacterial infection. If the infant is tachypneic, fluids are given parenterally to
prevent dehydration, not restricted .
2. An infant with bronchiolitis is hospitalized. The causative organism is respiratory
syncytial virus (RSV). The nurse knows that a child infected with this virus requires
what type of isolation?
A. Reverse isolation
B. Airborne isolation
C. Contact Precautions
D. Standard Precautions
ANSWER: C
Rationale: RSV is transmitted through droplets. In addition to Standard Precautions and
hand washing, Contact Precautions are required. Caregivers must use gloves and gowns
, when entering the room. Children are placed in a private room or in a room with other
children with RSV infections. The virus is not airborne, so Airborne isolation is not required .
3. A child has a chronic cough and diffuse wheezing during the expiratory phase of
respiration. This suggests what condition?
A. Asthma
B. Pneumonia
C. Bronchiolitis
D. Foreign body in trachea
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Asthma may present with these chronic signs and symptoms. Pneumonia
appears with an acute onset, fever, and general malaise. Bronchiolitis is an acute condition
caused by RSV. Foreign body in the trachea occurs with acute respiratory distress or failure
and may be associated with stridor .
4. Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for an infant with acute bronchiolitis
due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?
A. Activity Intolerance
B. Decreased Cardiac Output
C. Pain, Acute
D. Tissue Perfusion, Ineffective (peripheral)
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Activity intolerance is a problem because of the imbalance between oxygen
supply and demand. Cardiac output is not compromised during an acute phase of
bronchiolitis. Pain is not usually associated with acute bronchiolitis. Tissue perfusion
(peripheral) is not affected by this respiratory disease process .
5. The nurse is caring for a child hospitalized for status asthmaticus. Which
assessment finding suggests that the child's condition is worsening?
A. Hypoventilation
B. Thirst
C. Bradycardia
D. Clubbing
ANSWER: A
