UW-MADISON 655 PHARMACOTHERAPY
EXAM 1 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE AND EXAM
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,Chief complaint: Rapid breathing and nausea. HPI: A 24-year- High-anion-gap metabolic acidosis.
old patient with type 1 diabetes presents after missing several
insulin doses. He has abdominal pain, vomiting, and deep
rapid respirations. Labs: Na 138 mEq/L, Cl 100 mEq/L, HCO3 10
mEq/L, pH 7.20. Question: What is the primary acid-base
disorder?
Chief complaint: Weakness after several days of vomiting. HPI: Metabolic alkalosis.
A 62-year-old patient has had persistent vomiting for 4 days.
Labs: pH 7.51, HCO3 36 mEq/L, PaCO2 47 mm Hg, K 3.0
mEq/L, Cl 88 mEq/L. Question: What is the primary acid-base
disorder?
Chief complaint: Confusion and lethargy. HPI: A 70-year-old Respiratory acidosis.
patient with COPD presents with worsening respiratory
distress and CO2 retention. Labs: pH 7.25, PaCO2 65 mm Hg,
HCO3 28 mEq/L. Question: What is the primary acid-base
disorder?
Chief complaint: Lightheadedness and tingling. HPI: A 22-year- Respiratory alkalosis.
old patient is extremely anxious and hyperventilating. Labs:
pH 7.52, PaCO2 27 mm Hg, HCO3 23 mEq/L. Question: What is
the primary acid-base disorder?
Chief complaint: Nausea and altered mental status. HPI: A 24 mEq/L; SAG = Na − Cl − HCO3 = 140 − 102 − 14.
patient presents with suspected metabolic acidosis. Labs: Na
140 mEq/L, Cl 102 mEq/L, HCO3 14 mEq/L. Question: Calculate
the serum anion gap.
Chief complaint: Profuse diarrhea. HPI: A patient has Normal-anion-gap hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis due to GI bicarbonate loss.
experienced high-volume diarrhea for several days. Labs: pH
7.29, Na 138 mEq/L, Cl 112 mEq/L, HCO3 16 mEq/L. Question:
What type of metabolic acidosis is most consistent with this
presentation?
, Chief complaint: Dyspnea and confusion. HPI: A septic patient Approximately 26 ± 2 mm Hg; expected PaCO2 = 1.5(HCO3) + 8 ± 2.
develops lactic acidosis. Labs: HCO3 12 mEq/L, PaCO2 25 mm
Hg. Question: Using Winter's equation, approximately what
PaCO2 would represent appropriate respiratory
compensation?
Chief complaint: Somnolence after opioid exposure. HPI: A Eliminate/reverse the underlying cause and restore adequate ventilation.
patient has severe respiratory depression following opioid
administration. Labs: pH 7.18, PaCO2 70 mm Hg, HCO3 26
mEq/L. Question: What is the most important therapeutic
principle for correcting this acid-base disorder?
Chief complaint: Persistent vomiting. HPI: A patient has volume Volume/chloride depletion and hypokalemia should be corrected, generally with sodium
depletion and metabolic alkalosis following several days of chloride and potassium replacement.
vomiting. Labs: pH 7.50, HCO3 35 mEq/L, K 2.9 mEq/L, Cl 86
mEq/L. Question: What electrolyte abnormalities should be
corrected as part of treatment?
Chief complaint: Request for weight-loss surgery evaluation. Yes; BMI >40 kg/m² after failure of other weight-loss methods meets criteria.
HPI: A 42-year-old patient has a BMI of 42 kg/m² despite
unsuccessful nonsurgical weight-loss attempts. Labs: A1c 5.8%.
Question: Based on the lecture criteria, is this patient a
candidate for bariatric surgery?
Chief complaint: Obesity with diabetes. HPI: A 48-year-old Yes; BMI >35 kg/m² with significant obesity-related comorbidities qualifies.
patient has BMI 37 kg/m², type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and
obstructive sleep apnea despite medical management. Labs:
A1c 8.4%. Question: Does this patient meet the lecture criteria
for bariatric surgery?
Chief complaint: Counseling before bariatric surgery. HPI: A Restrictive.
patient asks how sleeve gastrectomy promotes weight loss.
Labs: BMI 43 kg/m². Question: How is sleeve gastrectomy
classified according to its primary weight-loss strategy?
Chief complaint: Counseling before Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Combination of restriction and malabsorption.
HPI: A patient asks how this surgery differs from purely
restrictive procedures. Labs: BMI 46 kg/m². Question: How is
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass classified?
EXAM 1 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE AND EXAM
PREP
| GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Updated Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep
,Chief complaint: Rapid breathing and nausea. HPI: A 24-year- High-anion-gap metabolic acidosis.
old patient with type 1 diabetes presents after missing several
insulin doses. He has abdominal pain, vomiting, and deep
rapid respirations. Labs: Na 138 mEq/L, Cl 100 mEq/L, HCO3 10
mEq/L, pH 7.20. Question: What is the primary acid-base
disorder?
Chief complaint: Weakness after several days of vomiting. HPI: Metabolic alkalosis.
A 62-year-old patient has had persistent vomiting for 4 days.
Labs: pH 7.51, HCO3 36 mEq/L, PaCO2 47 mm Hg, K 3.0
mEq/L, Cl 88 mEq/L. Question: What is the primary acid-base
disorder?
Chief complaint: Confusion and lethargy. HPI: A 70-year-old Respiratory acidosis.
patient with COPD presents with worsening respiratory
distress and CO2 retention. Labs: pH 7.25, PaCO2 65 mm Hg,
HCO3 28 mEq/L. Question: What is the primary acid-base
disorder?
Chief complaint: Lightheadedness and tingling. HPI: A 22-year- Respiratory alkalosis.
old patient is extremely anxious and hyperventilating. Labs:
pH 7.52, PaCO2 27 mm Hg, HCO3 23 mEq/L. Question: What is
the primary acid-base disorder?
Chief complaint: Nausea and altered mental status. HPI: A 24 mEq/L; SAG = Na − Cl − HCO3 = 140 − 102 − 14.
patient presents with suspected metabolic acidosis. Labs: Na
140 mEq/L, Cl 102 mEq/L, HCO3 14 mEq/L. Question: Calculate
the serum anion gap.
Chief complaint: Profuse diarrhea. HPI: A patient has Normal-anion-gap hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis due to GI bicarbonate loss.
experienced high-volume diarrhea for several days. Labs: pH
7.29, Na 138 mEq/L, Cl 112 mEq/L, HCO3 16 mEq/L. Question:
What type of metabolic acidosis is most consistent with this
presentation?
, Chief complaint: Dyspnea and confusion. HPI: A septic patient Approximately 26 ± 2 mm Hg; expected PaCO2 = 1.5(HCO3) + 8 ± 2.
develops lactic acidosis. Labs: HCO3 12 mEq/L, PaCO2 25 mm
Hg. Question: Using Winter's equation, approximately what
PaCO2 would represent appropriate respiratory
compensation?
Chief complaint: Somnolence after opioid exposure. HPI: A Eliminate/reverse the underlying cause and restore adequate ventilation.
patient has severe respiratory depression following opioid
administration. Labs: pH 7.18, PaCO2 70 mm Hg, HCO3 26
mEq/L. Question: What is the most important therapeutic
principle for correcting this acid-base disorder?
Chief complaint: Persistent vomiting. HPI: A patient has volume Volume/chloride depletion and hypokalemia should be corrected, generally with sodium
depletion and metabolic alkalosis following several days of chloride and potassium replacement.
vomiting. Labs: pH 7.50, HCO3 35 mEq/L, K 2.9 mEq/L, Cl 86
mEq/L. Question: What electrolyte abnormalities should be
corrected as part of treatment?
Chief complaint: Request for weight-loss surgery evaluation. Yes; BMI >40 kg/m² after failure of other weight-loss methods meets criteria.
HPI: A 42-year-old patient has a BMI of 42 kg/m² despite
unsuccessful nonsurgical weight-loss attempts. Labs: A1c 5.8%.
Question: Based on the lecture criteria, is this patient a
candidate for bariatric surgery?
Chief complaint: Obesity with diabetes. HPI: A 48-year-old Yes; BMI >35 kg/m² with significant obesity-related comorbidities qualifies.
patient has BMI 37 kg/m², type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and
obstructive sleep apnea despite medical management. Labs:
A1c 8.4%. Question: Does this patient meet the lecture criteria
for bariatric surgery?
Chief complaint: Counseling before bariatric surgery. HPI: A Restrictive.
patient asks how sleeve gastrectomy promotes weight loss.
Labs: BMI 43 kg/m². Question: How is sleeve gastrectomy
classified according to its primary weight-loss strategy?
Chief complaint: Counseling before Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Combination of restriction and malabsorption.
HPI: A patient asks how this surgery differs from purely
restrictive procedures. Labs: BMI 46 kg/m². Question: How is
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass classified?
