Test Bank For Moore: The Developing Human, 10th Edition
Chapter 01: Gametogenesis and Fertilization
Chapter 01: Gametogenesis and Fertilization
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Each group of questions below consists of a numbered list of descriptive words or
phrases accompanied by a diagram with certain parts indicated by letters or by a list of lettered
headings. For each numbered word or phrase, select the lettered part or heading that matches it
correctly and then insert the letter in the space to the right of the appropriate number. Sometimes
more than one numbered word or phrase may be correctly matched to the same lettered part or
heading.
1. ________ Haploid nuclei that fuse to form a zygote
a. Polar body
b. Capacitation
c. Acrosome
d. Zona pellucida
e. Pronuclei
ANS: E
The male and female pronuclei are the haploid nuclei of the sperm and oocyte, respectively.
They fuse during fertilization to form the diploid nucleus of a zygote. The nucleus occupies most
of the head of the sperm, and after it enters the oocyte, it swells to form the male pronucleus. The
pronuclei are about equal in size and show similar features.
2. ________ Changes occur in it that inhibit entry of sperm
a. Polar body
b. Capacitation
c. Acrosome
d. Zona pellucida
e. Pronuclei
ANS: D
The zona pellucida undergoes changes, called the zona reaction, when a sperm contacts the cell
membrane of a secondary oocyte. These changes, caused by the release of substances from the
oocyte, prevent other sperms from passing through the zona pellucida and entering the oocyte.
3. ________ Contains enzymes that digest a path for the sperm
a. Polar body
b. Capacitation
c. Acrosome
d. Zona pellucida
1
, Test Bank For Moore: The Developing Human, 10th Edition
Chapter 01: Gametogenesis and Fertilization
e. Pronuclei
ANS: C
The acrosome is a caplike structure that invests the anterior half of the head of the sperm. It
contains enzymes that pass through perforations in its wall and digest a path for the sperm to
follow through the zona pellucida to fertilize the oocyte.
4.
________ Polar body
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: D
The first polar body forms during the first meiotic division. Note that it is inside the zona
pellucida with the secondary oocyte. Although it may divide into two polar bodies, these cells
degenerate. The secondary oocyte receives the same number of chromosomes as the polar body;
however, it gets almost all the cytoplasm.
5.
________ Zona pellucida
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: C
The zona pellucida surrounds the secondary oocyte and the polar body. This membrane is
surrounded by a layer of follicular cells called the corona radiata. The zona pellucida appears
homogeneous in the fresh condition, but under the electron microscope it appears granular and
shows some concentric layering.
2
, Test Bank For Moore: The Developing Human, 10th Edition
Chapter 01: Gametogenesis and Fertilization
6.
________ Meiotic spindle
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: E
Contact of a sperm with the cell membrane of the oocyte stimulates the secondary oocyte to
complete its second meiotic division. This contact also brings about the zona reaction, preventing
entry of more sperms. The sperm penetrates the cell membrane of the secondary oocyte and then
passes into the cytoplasm of the oocyte, leaving its cell membrane outside the oocyte.
7.
________ Corona radiata
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: A
The corona radiata consists of one or more layers of follicular cells that surround the zona
pellucida, the polar body, and the secondary oocyte. The corona radiata is dispersed during
fertilization by enzymes released from the acrosomes of the sperms that surround the oocyte.
8.
________ Haploid cell
3
, Test Bank For Moore: The Developing Human, 10th Edition
Chapter 01: Gametogenesis and Fertilization
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: D
The polar body is the labeled haploid cell formed during the first meiotic division of the oocyte.
The sperm is also a haploid cell zygote.
9.
________ Embryoblast
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: B
The embryoblast (inner cell mass) is recognizable about 4 days after fertilization. It is derived
from the central cells of the morula. The embryoblast gives rise to the embryo and some
extraembryonic tissues.
10.
________ Gives rise to part of the placenta
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: D
The trophoblast gives rise to the embryonic part of the placenta; the other part is derived from
the endometrium. When the trophoblast becomes lined by extraembryonic somatic mesoderm,
the combined layers are called the chorion. The trophoblast forms no part of the embryo.
4
Chapter 01: Gametogenesis and Fertilization
Chapter 01: Gametogenesis and Fertilization
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Each group of questions below consists of a numbered list of descriptive words or
phrases accompanied by a diagram with certain parts indicated by letters or by a list of lettered
headings. For each numbered word or phrase, select the lettered part or heading that matches it
correctly and then insert the letter in the space to the right of the appropriate number. Sometimes
more than one numbered word or phrase may be correctly matched to the same lettered part or
heading.
1. ________ Haploid nuclei that fuse to form a zygote
a. Polar body
b. Capacitation
c. Acrosome
d. Zona pellucida
e. Pronuclei
ANS: E
The male and female pronuclei are the haploid nuclei of the sperm and oocyte, respectively.
They fuse during fertilization to form the diploid nucleus of a zygote. The nucleus occupies most
of the head of the sperm, and after it enters the oocyte, it swells to form the male pronucleus. The
pronuclei are about equal in size and show similar features.
2. ________ Changes occur in it that inhibit entry of sperm
a. Polar body
b. Capacitation
c. Acrosome
d. Zona pellucida
e. Pronuclei
ANS: D
The zona pellucida undergoes changes, called the zona reaction, when a sperm contacts the cell
membrane of a secondary oocyte. These changes, caused by the release of substances from the
oocyte, prevent other sperms from passing through the zona pellucida and entering the oocyte.
3. ________ Contains enzymes that digest a path for the sperm
a. Polar body
b. Capacitation
c. Acrosome
d. Zona pellucida
1
, Test Bank For Moore: The Developing Human, 10th Edition
Chapter 01: Gametogenesis and Fertilization
e. Pronuclei
ANS: C
The acrosome is a caplike structure that invests the anterior half of the head of the sperm. It
contains enzymes that pass through perforations in its wall and digest a path for the sperm to
follow through the zona pellucida to fertilize the oocyte.
4.
________ Polar body
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: D
The first polar body forms during the first meiotic division. Note that it is inside the zona
pellucida with the secondary oocyte. Although it may divide into two polar bodies, these cells
degenerate. The secondary oocyte receives the same number of chromosomes as the polar body;
however, it gets almost all the cytoplasm.
5.
________ Zona pellucida
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: C
The zona pellucida surrounds the secondary oocyte and the polar body. This membrane is
surrounded by a layer of follicular cells called the corona radiata. The zona pellucida appears
homogeneous in the fresh condition, but under the electron microscope it appears granular and
shows some concentric layering.
2
, Test Bank For Moore: The Developing Human, 10th Edition
Chapter 01: Gametogenesis and Fertilization
6.
________ Meiotic spindle
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: E
Contact of a sperm with the cell membrane of the oocyte stimulates the secondary oocyte to
complete its second meiotic division. This contact also brings about the zona reaction, preventing
entry of more sperms. The sperm penetrates the cell membrane of the secondary oocyte and then
passes into the cytoplasm of the oocyte, leaving its cell membrane outside the oocyte.
7.
________ Corona radiata
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: A
The corona radiata consists of one or more layers of follicular cells that surround the zona
pellucida, the polar body, and the secondary oocyte. The corona radiata is dispersed during
fertilization by enzymes released from the acrosomes of the sperms that surround the oocyte.
8.
________ Haploid cell
3
, Test Bank For Moore: The Developing Human, 10th Edition
Chapter 01: Gametogenesis and Fertilization
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: D
The polar body is the labeled haploid cell formed during the first meiotic division of the oocyte.
The sperm is also a haploid cell zygote.
9.
________ Embryoblast
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: B
The embryoblast (inner cell mass) is recognizable about 4 days after fertilization. It is derived
from the central cells of the morula. The embryoblast gives rise to the embryo and some
extraembryonic tissues.
10.
________ Gives rise to part of the placenta
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: D
The trophoblast gives rise to the embryonic part of the placenta; the other part is derived from
the endometrium. When the trophoblast becomes lined by extraembryonic somatic mesoderm,
the combined layers are called the chorion. The trophoblast forms no part of the embryo.
4
