Frommer: Radiology for the Dental Professional, 9th Edition
Chapter 01: Ionizing Radiation and Basic Principles of X-Ray Generation
Test Bank
COMPLETION
1. The amount of heat produced in the x-ray tube is ________ than the amount of radiation
produced.
ANS: greater
REF: 15
2. The release of electrons from the hot tungsten filament at the cathode is called the
__________.
ANS: thermionic emission effect
REF: 16
3. The determination of the size and shape of the x-ray beam is called ________.
ANS: collimation
REF: 33
4. The quantity of x-ray photons produced is determined by the _________ setting.
ANS: milliamperage
REF: 31
5. The quality of the x-ray photons is determined by the __________.
ANS: kilovoltage
REF: 30
6. Because of the alternating current supplied to the x-ray tube it is considered to be
_______.
ANS: self-rectified
REF: 22
Copyright © 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
,Test Bank 1-2
7. When designing barriers it is important to remember that x-rays travel in _______ lines.
ANS: straight
REF: 6
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. If the useful beam is not centered on the film in the patient’s mouth, the result will be:
a. foreshortening
b. elongation
c. collimator cutoff
d. overlapping
ANS: C REF: 35
2. A diagnostic film is made at 10 mA and 4 impulses. The exposure that would produce the
same image at 5 mA would be:
a. 5 impulses
b. 10 impulses
c. 8 impulses
d. 45 impulses
ANS: C REF: 31
3. Collimator cutoff (cone cutting) is caused by:
a. improper horizontal angulation
b. over filtration
c. improper beam film alignment
d. improper vertical angulation
ANS: C REF: 35
4. If a radiograph is described as “underpenetrated,” then the error must be:
a. excessive kVp
b. too little mA
c. excessive mA
d. too little kVp
ANS: D REF: 30
Copyright © 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
,Test Bank 1-3
5. Which of the following is used in the high-voltage circuit?
a. a rectifier
b. a step-up transformer
c. a step-down transformer
d. a fuse
ANS: B REF: 25
6. Ionization occurs:
a. when an atom gains a neutron
b. when the atom has no charge
c. when an atom loses a proton
d. when an atom loses an electron
ANS: D REF: 12
7. Identify the physicist who discovered x-rays:
a. Hittorf-Crookes
b. Roentgen
c. Edison
d. Kells
ANS: B REF: 9
8. Examples of particulate radiation include:
a. alpha particles
b. electrons
c. neutrons
d. all of the above
ANS: D REF: 2
9. The difference in the electromagnetic spectrum between x-rays and visible light lies in
the:
a. wavelength
b. frequency
c. energy
d. subatomic particles
ANS: A REF: 2
10. All of the following are properties of x-rays EXCEPT:
a. x-rays are invisible
b. x-rays travel in wavy lines
c. x-rays can penetrate structures
d. x-rays can adversely affect human tissue
Copyright © 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
, Test Bank 1-4
ANS: B REF: 6
11. Identify the particles that compose the nucleus of an atom:
a. electrons and photons
b. electrons and protons
c. protons and neutrons
d. neutrons
ANS: C REF: 10
12. The target or focal spot in the x-ray tube can be found at the:
a. positively charged cathode
b. positively charged anode
c. negatively charged cathode
d. negatively charged anode
ANS: B REF: 14
13. Identify the metal used in the focal spot of the x-ray tube:
a. tungsten
b. molybdenum
c. copper
d. iron
ANS: A REF: 14
14. The total x-ray energy produced by the collision of the electrons with the target inside the
x-ray tube is approximately:
a. less than 1%
b. 10%–20%
c. 50%
d. 99%
ANS: A REF: 15
15. Pointed, plastic cones are not used in dental radiology because:
a. the cones are difficult for the practitioner to line up correct anatomic structures
b. the cones cause the production of excess secondary and scatter radiation
c. the cones require a higher kVp setting on the control panel
d. the cones require an increase in the time setting
ANS: B REF: 28 | 29
Copyright © 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Chapter 01: Ionizing Radiation and Basic Principles of X-Ray Generation
Test Bank
COMPLETION
1. The amount of heat produced in the x-ray tube is ________ than the amount of radiation
produced.
ANS: greater
REF: 15
2. The release of electrons from the hot tungsten filament at the cathode is called the
__________.
ANS: thermionic emission effect
REF: 16
3. The determination of the size and shape of the x-ray beam is called ________.
ANS: collimation
REF: 33
4. The quantity of x-ray photons produced is determined by the _________ setting.
ANS: milliamperage
REF: 31
5. The quality of the x-ray photons is determined by the __________.
ANS: kilovoltage
REF: 30
6. Because of the alternating current supplied to the x-ray tube it is considered to be
_______.
ANS: self-rectified
REF: 22
Copyright © 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
,Test Bank 1-2
7. When designing barriers it is important to remember that x-rays travel in _______ lines.
ANS: straight
REF: 6
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. If the useful beam is not centered on the film in the patient’s mouth, the result will be:
a. foreshortening
b. elongation
c. collimator cutoff
d. overlapping
ANS: C REF: 35
2. A diagnostic film is made at 10 mA and 4 impulses. The exposure that would produce the
same image at 5 mA would be:
a. 5 impulses
b. 10 impulses
c. 8 impulses
d. 45 impulses
ANS: C REF: 31
3. Collimator cutoff (cone cutting) is caused by:
a. improper horizontal angulation
b. over filtration
c. improper beam film alignment
d. improper vertical angulation
ANS: C REF: 35
4. If a radiograph is described as “underpenetrated,” then the error must be:
a. excessive kVp
b. too little mA
c. excessive mA
d. too little kVp
ANS: D REF: 30
Copyright © 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
,Test Bank 1-3
5. Which of the following is used in the high-voltage circuit?
a. a rectifier
b. a step-up transformer
c. a step-down transformer
d. a fuse
ANS: B REF: 25
6. Ionization occurs:
a. when an atom gains a neutron
b. when the atom has no charge
c. when an atom loses a proton
d. when an atom loses an electron
ANS: D REF: 12
7. Identify the physicist who discovered x-rays:
a. Hittorf-Crookes
b. Roentgen
c. Edison
d. Kells
ANS: B REF: 9
8. Examples of particulate radiation include:
a. alpha particles
b. electrons
c. neutrons
d. all of the above
ANS: D REF: 2
9. The difference in the electromagnetic spectrum between x-rays and visible light lies in
the:
a. wavelength
b. frequency
c. energy
d. subatomic particles
ANS: A REF: 2
10. All of the following are properties of x-rays EXCEPT:
a. x-rays are invisible
b. x-rays travel in wavy lines
c. x-rays can penetrate structures
d. x-rays can adversely affect human tissue
Copyright © 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
, Test Bank 1-4
ANS: B REF: 6
11. Identify the particles that compose the nucleus of an atom:
a. electrons and photons
b. electrons and protons
c. protons and neutrons
d. neutrons
ANS: C REF: 10
12. The target or focal spot in the x-ray tube can be found at the:
a. positively charged cathode
b. positively charged anode
c. negatively charged cathode
d. negatively charged anode
ANS: B REF: 14
13. Identify the metal used in the focal spot of the x-ray tube:
a. tungsten
b. molybdenum
c. copper
d. iron
ANS: A REF: 14
14. The total x-ray energy produced by the collision of the electrons with the target inside the
x-ray tube is approximately:
a. less than 1%
b. 10%–20%
c. 50%
d. 99%
ANS: A REF: 15
15. Pointed, plastic cones are not used in dental radiology because:
a. the cones are difficult for the practitioner to line up correct anatomic structures
b. the cones cause the production of excess secondary and scatter radiation
c. the cones require a higher kVp setting on the control panel
d. the cones require an increase in the time setting
ANS: B REF: 28 | 29
Copyright © 2011 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
