ATI ALTERATIONS IN IMMUNITY AND
INFLAMMATORY FUNCTION ACTUAL TEST
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWER
KEY
●● What is the inflammatory response?
Answer: Nonspecific reaction to tissue injury, infection, or irritation.
biochemicals are released -> inflammation (increased blood flow,
swelling, recruitment of immune cells) -> promotes healing
●● Inflammatory response process
Answer: 1) cell surface pattern receptors recognize injury
2) inflammatory pathways are activated
3) inflammatory markers are released
4) inflammatory cells are recruited.
●● Acute inflammation
Answer: Temporary and revolves when the tissue is healed
- redness, pain, heat, swelling, loss of function
●● Subacute inflammation
Answer: similar to acute
,persists 2-6 weeks
●● Chronic inflammation
Answer: more subtle than acute inflammation
- fatigue, malaise, body aches, insomnia, depression, anxiety, weight
fluctuations, or gastrointestinal (GI) upset.
- With chronic inflammation, white blood cell populations consist
mostly of macrophages and lymphocytes, rather than neutrophils, which
occur with short-term acute inflammation.
●● Where does the inflammatory process begin?
Answer: In the blood!
- RBC carry O2 to the site
- Platelets help with clotting
- WBC initiate immune response
Results in redness, vessels dilate leading to swelling
●● Leukocytes
Answer: WBC
either granulocytes (Phils)
or granulocytes (cytes)
●● Granulocytes
, Answer: neutrophils: eat bacteria, secrete toxins to fight
eosinophils: fight parasites, elevated in allergic reaction
basophils: release histamine & increase inflammatory response
●● agranulocytes:
Answer: monocytes: become macrophages and eat marked cells
lymphocytes: adaptive immune response
- T cells: coordinate attack and kill pathogens
- B cells: produce antibodies
- memory cells: circulate to patrol for repeat threats
●● Osteoarthritis
Answer: wear and tear to the articular cartilage
degenerative disease
●● what causes osteoarthritis
Answer: naturally as people get older
trauma from an injury or overuse
most painful when it affects weight-bearing joints but can affect any
joint
●● How does osteoarthritis progress?
INFLAMMATORY FUNCTION ACTUAL TEST
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWER
KEY
●● What is the inflammatory response?
Answer: Nonspecific reaction to tissue injury, infection, or irritation.
biochemicals are released -> inflammation (increased blood flow,
swelling, recruitment of immune cells) -> promotes healing
●● Inflammatory response process
Answer: 1) cell surface pattern receptors recognize injury
2) inflammatory pathways are activated
3) inflammatory markers are released
4) inflammatory cells are recruited.
●● Acute inflammation
Answer: Temporary and revolves when the tissue is healed
- redness, pain, heat, swelling, loss of function
●● Subacute inflammation
Answer: similar to acute
,persists 2-6 weeks
●● Chronic inflammation
Answer: more subtle than acute inflammation
- fatigue, malaise, body aches, insomnia, depression, anxiety, weight
fluctuations, or gastrointestinal (GI) upset.
- With chronic inflammation, white blood cell populations consist
mostly of macrophages and lymphocytes, rather than neutrophils, which
occur with short-term acute inflammation.
●● Where does the inflammatory process begin?
Answer: In the blood!
- RBC carry O2 to the site
- Platelets help with clotting
- WBC initiate immune response
Results in redness, vessels dilate leading to swelling
●● Leukocytes
Answer: WBC
either granulocytes (Phils)
or granulocytes (cytes)
●● Granulocytes
, Answer: neutrophils: eat bacteria, secrete toxins to fight
eosinophils: fight parasites, elevated in allergic reaction
basophils: release histamine & increase inflammatory response
●● agranulocytes:
Answer: monocytes: become macrophages and eat marked cells
lymphocytes: adaptive immune response
- T cells: coordinate attack and kill pathogens
- B cells: produce antibodies
- memory cells: circulate to patrol for repeat threats
●● Osteoarthritis
Answer: wear and tear to the articular cartilage
degenerative disease
●● what causes osteoarthritis
Answer: naturally as people get older
trauma from an injury or overuse
most painful when it affects weight-bearing joints but can affect any
joint
●● How does osteoarthritis progress?
