BIO182 Exam 3 Questions and Answers
Question 1.
What is the purpose of roots?
Correct Answer: To anchor the plant in the soil, absorb water and dissolved
minerals, and store carbohydrates.
Question 2.
What is the difference between xylem and phloem?
Correct Answer: Xylem transports water and minerals upward from roots to
shoots, while phloem transports sugars and organic nutrients from leaves to
other parts of the plant.
Question 3.
What are the three main groups of protists?
Correct Answer: Algae (photosynthetic), protozoa (ingestive), and fungus-like
protists (absorptive).
Question 4.
What is horizontal gene transfer?
Correct Answer: The movement of genetic material between unicellular and/or
multicellular organisms other than by the transmission of DNA from parent to
offspring.
Question 5.
What is the result of double fertilization in angiosperms?
Correct Answer: One sperm fertilizes the egg to form a diploid zygote, and the
other sperm fertilizes two polar nuclei to form a triploid endosperm.
Question 6.
Define primary and secondary growth in plants.
Correct Answer: Primary growth increases plant length via apical meristems;
secondary growth increases plant girth via lateral meristems (vascular and cork
cambium).
Question 7.
Compare monocots and dicots.
Correct Answer: Monocots typically have one cotyledon, parallel leaf veins, and
flower parts in multiples of three; dicots have two cotyledons, branched leaf
veins, and flower parts in multiples of four or five.
Question 8.
Define endosymbiosis.
Correct Answer: A symbiotic relationship where one organism lives inside the
body or cells of another organism; it is the process by which mitochondria and
chloroplasts were acquired by early eukaryotes.
Question 1.
What is the purpose of roots?
Correct Answer: To anchor the plant in the soil, absorb water and dissolved
minerals, and store carbohydrates.
Question 2.
What is the difference between xylem and phloem?
Correct Answer: Xylem transports water and minerals upward from roots to
shoots, while phloem transports sugars and organic nutrients from leaves to
other parts of the plant.
Question 3.
What are the three main groups of protists?
Correct Answer: Algae (photosynthetic), protozoa (ingestive), and fungus-like
protists (absorptive).
Question 4.
What is horizontal gene transfer?
Correct Answer: The movement of genetic material between unicellular and/or
multicellular organisms other than by the transmission of DNA from parent to
offspring.
Question 5.
What is the result of double fertilization in angiosperms?
Correct Answer: One sperm fertilizes the egg to form a diploid zygote, and the
other sperm fertilizes two polar nuclei to form a triploid endosperm.
Question 6.
Define primary and secondary growth in plants.
Correct Answer: Primary growth increases plant length via apical meristems;
secondary growth increases plant girth via lateral meristems (vascular and cork
cambium).
Question 7.
Compare monocots and dicots.
Correct Answer: Monocots typically have one cotyledon, parallel leaf veins, and
flower parts in multiples of three; dicots have two cotyledons, branched leaf
veins, and flower parts in multiples of four or five.
Question 8.
Define endosymbiosis.
Correct Answer: A symbiotic relationship where one organism lives inside the
body or cells of another organism; it is the process by which mitochondria and
chloroplasts were acquired by early eukaryotes.
