BIO100 Final Exam Questions and Answers

BIO100 Final Exam Questions and Answers

Question 1.
what is transcription? what is translation
Correct Answer: transcription is the process of making RNA from DNA
-translation is the process of taking RNA and making BROtein

Question 2.
Describes the evolution of pesticide resistance in a population of insects?
Correct Answer: offspring of insects that are genetically resistant to the
pesticide become more abundant as the susceptible insects die off

Question 3.
Where does crossing over occur?
Correct Answer: prophase 1 of meiosis

Question 4.
What is the shape of the Human population growth?
Correct Answer: J-shaped growth curve?

Question 5.
what is DNA sequencing?
Correct Answer: -determing the order of the nucleotides in a piece of DNA
-requires DNA polymerase and nucleotides

Question 6.
what is Recombinant DNA
Correct Answer: DNA that is made up of pieces from different organisms

Question 7.
what are proto-oncogenes?
Correct Answer: codes for protein that helps to regulate cell cycle

Question 8.
what are effector cells?
Correct Answer: regulate immune response -secrete antibody

Question 9.
what is the plasma membrane?
Correct Answer: maintains the cell as a distinct entity

Question 10.
If a black ant mated with a fire ant, no live offspring would result. Biologically speaking,
these two types of ants would be defined as NOT being members of the same ...
Correct Answer: species

,Question 11.
what are antigens?
Correct Answer: molecules that trigger immune response

Question 12.
What is mutualism, or +/+ relationship?
Correct Answer: Rhizobium and plant roots that form nitrogen-fixing root
nodules Acacia Ants protect the trees from herbivores, get food and shelter in
return Bats transfer pollen between saguaro cactus flowers

Question 13.
What organisms exhibit radial symmetry?
Correct Answer: Cnidarians - starfish, anemones, jellyfish, hydra

Question 14.
True or false: Natural selection generates diversity in species
Correct Answer: true

Question 15.
Competition among individuals of the same species is ______ competition.
Correct Answer: intraspecific

Question 16.
what are prions? what relevant disease is caused by them?
Correct Answer: -misfolded, infectious proteins -mad cow disease is caused by
prions

Question 17.
what are autosomes?
Correct Answer: chromosomes from 1-22, do not vary between sexes

Question 18.
Individuals within which of the following taxonomic groups are most closely related?
Correct Answer: bacteria and archaea

Question 19.
what is a haploid cell?
Correct Answer: a cell having only one copy of the genome...like sperm or egg

Question 20.
Electron transport chains happen in ...
Correct Answer: happens on the mitochondria's inner membrane

Question 21.
Features unique to mammals include______
Correct Answer: hair, mammary glands

, Question 22.
what are phagocytes?
Correct Answer: white blood cells that engulf and destroy invading bacteria,
dying cells -release signal to attract more phagocytes

Question 23.
codominance
Correct Answer: two alleles share dominance -an example is blood types

Question 24.
what are chromosomes?
Correct Answer: individual molecules of DNA and associated proteins

Question 25.
what is the main difference between metaphase I and metaphase II?
Correct Answer: in metaphase I, pairs of homologous chromosomes line up at
equator -in metaphase II, sister chromatids line up on metaphase/cell plate

Question 26.
what do B cells do?
Correct Answer: produce antibodies, phagocytic -activated by binding to specific
antigen -signal from effector helper T cell causes cell division

Question 27.
what is cytokinesis? what does it result in in animals and plants?
Correct Answer: physical division of cell -cleavage furrow (animals) -cell plate
(plants)

Question 28.
Differences between animal and plant cells
Correct Answer: Plants only - cell wall, chloroplast, central storage vesicle
animals only - centrioles, vesicles (small)

Question 29.
What energy rich molecule is cellular respiration ultimately producing?
Correct Answer: ATP adenosine triphosphate

Question 30.
In a Hardy-Weinberg population with two alleles, A and a, that are in equilibrium, the
frequency of the allele 'a' is 0.4. What is the percentage of the population that is
homozygous for this allele?
Correct Answer: 0.16?? = 16%

Question 31.
What did Avery, McCarty, and MacLeod find in their experiemnts
Correct Answer: DNA is the hereditary material!