Bio Sci E109 Mastering A P HW Final Questions and Answers
Question 1.
The primary route for ion loss from the body is the ________ system. a) urinary b)
cardiovascular c) integumentary d) digestive e) respiratory
Correct Answer: urinary
Question 2.
How is urate (the anionic form of uric acid) handled by the kidney under normal
conditions? a) net secretion b) neither secreted nor reabsorbed c) net reabsorption
Correct Answer: net secretion
Question 3.
Blood flow through the kidney includes a feature seen in only a few organs. What is it? a)
vascuar sinuses b) anastomoses c) arterial shunts d) veins containing highly oxygenated
blood e) portal system
Correct Answer: portal system
Question 4.
The sites of gas exchange within the lungs are... a) alveoli b) terminal sacs c) alveolar
ducts d) pleural spaces e) bronchioles
Correct Answer: alveoli
Question 5.
Drag each anatomical structure to the correct vascular circuit.
Correct Answer: Pulmonary circuit: a) pulmonary artiers b) pulmonary veins
Systemic circuit: a) arota b) superior and inferior venae cavae
Question 6.
The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the... a)
larynx b) esophasgus c) glottis d) vestibule e) pharynx
Correct Answer: pharynx
Question 7.
Flow of air a) is directly proportional to the resistance, and flow decreases as the pressure
of the system increases b) is directly proportional to a pressure gradient, and flow
increases as the resistance of the system increases c) is directly proportional to the
resistance, and flow increases as the resistance of the system increases d) is directly
proportional to a pressure gradient, and flow decreases as the resistance of the system
increases e) none of the answers are correct
Correct Answer: is directly proportional to a pressure gradient, and the flow
decreases as the resistance of the system increases
Question 8.
This doctor was faced with a patient who had a respiratory problem, but because she
understood the underlying physiology, she recognized that he might develop a heart
problem as a result. She did this after looking at the swelling in the patient's wrists and
ankles. Let's use the path of blood flow you have already worked out to see how swollen
wrists and ankles could alert the doctor to underlying heart failure. - This side of the heart
is still pumping normally - Blood is being pumped into this circuit at a normal rate but
removed at a lower rate - This capillary bed has less normal blood than normal - This side
, of the heart is being overworked and starting to fail - This capillary bed has more blood
than normal. Tissues will swell as they fill with excess fluid - Vasconstriction is decreasing
the amount of blood that can flow into this circuit
Correct Answer: left top -> left bottom 1. Vasconstriction is decreasing the
amount of blood that can flow into this circuit 2. This side of the heart is being
overworked and starting to fail middle top -> middle bottom 1. This capillary
bed has less normal blood than normal 2. This capillary bed has more blood than
normal. Tissues will swell as they fill with excess fluid right top -> right bottom
1. Blood is being pumped into this circuit at a normal rate but removed at a
lower rate 2. This side of the heart is still pumping normally
Question 9.
Digestion refers to the a) input of food into the digestive tract b) absorption of nutrients in
the gut c) release of substances into the lumen of the guts d) breakdown of food into
particles small enough to cross epithelial cells e) progressive dehydration of indigestible
residue
Correct Answer: breakdown of food into particles small enough to cross
epithelial cells
Question 10.
Use the following scenario for the next four questions:
Correct Answer: Michael, 43, had spent the last two days on the sofa, suffering
from a relentless throbbing pain in his left big toe. When the pain began,
Michael thought he had a mild sprain or perhaps the beginnings of arthritis.
Then the pain intensified, and the toe joint became hot and red. Michael finally
hobbled into his doctor's office, feeling a little silly about his problem. On
hearing his symptoms and looking at the toe, the doctor seemed to know
instantly what was wrong. "Looks to me like you have gout," said Dr. Garcia.
Gout is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood concentrations of uric
acid (hyperuricemia). If uric acid concentrations reach a critical level (7.5-8
mg/dL), monosodium urate precipitates out of solution and forms crystals in
peripheral joints, particularly in the feet, ankles, and knees. These crystals
trigger an inflammatory reaction and cause periodic attacks of excruciating
pain. Uric acid crystals may also form kidney stones in the renal pelvis. Uric
acid, the molecule that causes gout, is a normal product of purine metabolism.
Increased uric acid production may be associated with cell and tissue
breakdown, or it may occur as a result of inherited enzyme defects. Plasma
urate, the anionic form of uric acid, filters freely into Bowman's capsule but is
almost totally reabsorbed in the first part of the proximal tubule. The middle
section of the proximal tubule then secretes about half of the reabsorbed urate
back into the lumen, and the terminal section of the proximal tubule again
reabsorbs some of it. The end result is net secretion. Michael found it amazing
that a metabolic problem could lead to pain in his big toe. "How do we treat
gout?" he asked. Dr. Garcia explained that the treatment includes
anti-inflammatory agents, lots of water, and avoidance of alcohol, which can tri
Question 11.
The distance between the alveolar air space and capillary endothelium is _____, allowing
gases to diffuse _____ between them. a) short, slowly b) long, slowly c) long, rapidly d)
short, rapidly e) None of the answers are correct - distance does not affect diffusion rate.
Correct Answer: short, rapidly
Question 1.
The primary route for ion loss from the body is the ________ system. a) urinary b)
cardiovascular c) integumentary d) digestive e) respiratory
Correct Answer: urinary
Question 2.
How is urate (the anionic form of uric acid) handled by the kidney under normal
conditions? a) net secretion b) neither secreted nor reabsorbed c) net reabsorption
Correct Answer: net secretion
Question 3.
Blood flow through the kidney includes a feature seen in only a few organs. What is it? a)
vascuar sinuses b) anastomoses c) arterial shunts d) veins containing highly oxygenated
blood e) portal system
Correct Answer: portal system
Question 4.
The sites of gas exchange within the lungs are... a) alveoli b) terminal sacs c) alveolar
ducts d) pleural spaces e) bronchioles
Correct Answer: alveoli
Question 5.
Drag each anatomical structure to the correct vascular circuit.
Correct Answer: Pulmonary circuit: a) pulmonary artiers b) pulmonary veins
Systemic circuit: a) arota b) superior and inferior venae cavae
Question 6.
The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the... a)
larynx b) esophasgus c) glottis d) vestibule e) pharynx
Correct Answer: pharynx
Question 7.
Flow of air a) is directly proportional to the resistance, and flow decreases as the pressure
of the system increases b) is directly proportional to a pressure gradient, and flow
increases as the resistance of the system increases c) is directly proportional to the
resistance, and flow increases as the resistance of the system increases d) is directly
proportional to a pressure gradient, and flow decreases as the resistance of the system
increases e) none of the answers are correct
Correct Answer: is directly proportional to a pressure gradient, and the flow
decreases as the resistance of the system increases
Question 8.
This doctor was faced with a patient who had a respiratory problem, but because she
understood the underlying physiology, she recognized that he might develop a heart
problem as a result. She did this after looking at the swelling in the patient's wrists and
ankles. Let's use the path of blood flow you have already worked out to see how swollen
wrists and ankles could alert the doctor to underlying heart failure. - This side of the heart
is still pumping normally - Blood is being pumped into this circuit at a normal rate but
removed at a lower rate - This capillary bed has less normal blood than normal - This side
, of the heart is being overworked and starting to fail - This capillary bed has more blood
than normal. Tissues will swell as they fill with excess fluid - Vasconstriction is decreasing
the amount of blood that can flow into this circuit
Correct Answer: left top -> left bottom 1. Vasconstriction is decreasing the
amount of blood that can flow into this circuit 2. This side of the heart is being
overworked and starting to fail middle top -> middle bottom 1. This capillary
bed has less normal blood than normal 2. This capillary bed has more blood than
normal. Tissues will swell as they fill with excess fluid right top -> right bottom
1. Blood is being pumped into this circuit at a normal rate but removed at a
lower rate 2. This side of the heart is still pumping normally
Question 9.
Digestion refers to the a) input of food into the digestive tract b) absorption of nutrients in
the gut c) release of substances into the lumen of the guts d) breakdown of food into
particles small enough to cross epithelial cells e) progressive dehydration of indigestible
residue
Correct Answer: breakdown of food into particles small enough to cross
epithelial cells
Question 10.
Use the following scenario for the next four questions:
Correct Answer: Michael, 43, had spent the last two days on the sofa, suffering
from a relentless throbbing pain in his left big toe. When the pain began,
Michael thought he had a mild sprain or perhaps the beginnings of arthritis.
Then the pain intensified, and the toe joint became hot and red. Michael finally
hobbled into his doctor's office, feeling a little silly about his problem. On
hearing his symptoms and looking at the toe, the doctor seemed to know
instantly what was wrong. "Looks to me like you have gout," said Dr. Garcia.
Gout is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood concentrations of uric
acid (hyperuricemia). If uric acid concentrations reach a critical level (7.5-8
mg/dL), monosodium urate precipitates out of solution and forms crystals in
peripheral joints, particularly in the feet, ankles, and knees. These crystals
trigger an inflammatory reaction and cause periodic attacks of excruciating
pain. Uric acid crystals may also form kidney stones in the renal pelvis. Uric
acid, the molecule that causes gout, is a normal product of purine metabolism.
Increased uric acid production may be associated with cell and tissue
breakdown, or it may occur as a result of inherited enzyme defects. Plasma
urate, the anionic form of uric acid, filters freely into Bowman's capsule but is
almost totally reabsorbed in the first part of the proximal tubule. The middle
section of the proximal tubule then secretes about half of the reabsorbed urate
back into the lumen, and the terminal section of the proximal tubule again
reabsorbs some of it. The end result is net secretion. Michael found it amazing
that a metabolic problem could lead to pain in his big toe. "How do we treat
gout?" he asked. Dr. Garcia explained that the treatment includes
anti-inflammatory agents, lots of water, and avoidance of alcohol, which can tri
Question 11.
The distance between the alveolar air space and capillary endothelium is _____, allowing
gases to diffuse _____ between them. a) short, slowly b) long, slowly c) long, rapidly d)
short, rapidly e) None of the answers are correct - distance does not affect diffusion rate.
Correct Answer: short, rapidly
