BIO exam 2 Brininstool Questions and Answers

BIO exam 2 Brininstool Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Eukaryotic cells undergoing mitosis -regular cell state -chromosomes line up looks like two
combs -chromosome pairs seperate and look like two hands wiht fingers -cells renormalize
as daughter cells
Correct Answer: interphase metaphase anaphase telophase

Question 2.
-time required for one cell to form two cells -growth pattern where number of cells doubles
over a regular time interval
Correct Answer: generational (doubling) time exponential growth

Question 3.
-aid macromolecules folding events, folding proteins that do not fold spontaneously,
refolding partially denatured proteins, uses ATP -attempt to refold partially denatures
proteins for reuse before proteases destroy them -refold cold sensitive proteins folding and
transportation can happen at the same time, polypeptide can form and fold into a
secondary structure
Correct Answer: Chaperones heat shock proteins cold shock proteins

Question 4.
Replication Comparison between Bacteria Archaea and Eukarya all are ___________
meaning replication machineries goes down both strands at the same time
Correct Answer: Bidirectional

Question 5.
-pests that transfer viruses to other hosts cell types plant cell walls prevent entry by
endocytosis viruses will enter through wounds or penetration by insects, nematodes, fungi
ect
Correct Answer: Vectors

Question 6.
compare and contrast DNA in Bacteria Archaea Eukarya -compacted how?
Correct Answer: -bacteria = supercoiled by DNA gyrases -Archaea = most
supercoiled by DNA gyrases, but some have histones to form nucleosomes
-Eukarya = wound around histones to form nucleosomes

Question 7.
Translation of ssRNA plus strand directly into polyprotein which will self cleave into several
smaller proteins, including structural coat, proteases (polyprotein cleavage), RNA
replicase(used to make - and + strand)
Correct Answer: Poliovirus replication

Question 8.
List steps of viral replication
Correct Answer: Attachment penetration synthesis assembly cell lysis

, Question 9.
Key processes involving genetic information -making copy of the DNA, more DNA
-synthesis of RNA from DNA template, entire genome is not transcribed, is all ab making
RNA -synthesis of proteins from mRNA, into amino acid sequence in proteins
Correct Answer: Replication Transcription Translation

Question 10.
Types of cell division in bacteria -polar growth on just one side of the cell
Correct Answer: Polar growth without differentiation of cell size
Rhodopseudomonas, Nitrobacter, Methylosinus

Question 11.
Types of cell division in bacteria -where a daughter cell that has a flagellum is made from a
stalked cell -ex?
Correct Answer: cell division of stalked organism Caulobacter

Question 12.
Types of RNA -translated into protein, physically read by ribosome -carry amino acids to be
put into protein, carry amino acids -beings together mRNA and tRNAs for protein synthesis
Correct Answer: messenger RNA (mRNA) Transfer RNA (tRNA) ribosomal RNA
(rRNA)

Question 13.
-viral replication starts with a _________ to a specific receptor on host cell, usually a
membrane protein, anything on the surface is fair game for a virus so surface structures
Correct Answer: attachment

Question 14.
Structure of Glycine tetrapeptide -made of two hexagonal rings of ___________________ and
________________, both linked together by a _______________ bond which is sensitive to
___________. Both have an N acetyl group attached -the peptide cross link is between
______________ and ________________ and are both attached to the N Acetylmuramic
Correct Answer: N Acetylglucosamine N Acetylmuramic beta 1,4 lysozymes
Diaminopimelic acid D-Alanine

Question 15.
-host machinery replicates, viral genome and makes viral proteins (ex capsid proteins),
any proteins needed have to be made -____________ of structural subunits and genome into
capsid, parts and pieces put together -by lysis of host cell or other release from host cell;
new virions can infect new host cell, sometimes not lysis
Correct Answer: synthesis of nucleic acid and protein assembly and packaging
release lysis

Question 16.
-Tumor virus DNA integrates into host DNA which makes viral mRNA which translates into
viral tumor induction proteins which transform cell into a tumor state
Correct Answer: Polyomavirus