Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Actual Exam Questions With Multiple Choices And Answers.

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) - correct answers the practice of measuring specific drugs at designated intervals to maintain a constant concentration in a patients bloodstream therapuetic range - correct answers blood concentration of a drug that produces the desired effects without toxicity. dosage regimen - correct answers Represents the dosage interval, dosage, administration route, and duration of treatment together drug getting to correct site of action producing the correct pharmacolodgical effects is the pharmacolodgical effect therapuetic? - correct answers What are the three criterias for effective drug delivery therapuetic outcomes (such as spirometry for bronchodilators) using a surrogate biomarker direct chemical measurements of drug in fluids - correct answers name three methods of monitering drug therapies •Safe drugs with wide therapeutic indexs •Single dose drugs •Drugs whose serum concentration does not correlate with therapeutic/toxic effects •Drugs used to treat non-serious diseases •Drugs with simple linear pharmacokinetics - correct answers name three events When don't you monitor drugs concentrations? minimal effective concentration (MEC) - correct answers lowest plasma concentration that produces the desired drug effect Minimal toxic concentration (MTC) - correct answers lowest plasma concentration that produces the toxic effect elimination rate constant (k) - correct answers The fraction of drug in the body which is removed per unit time elimination half-life (t½) - correct answers the time taken for the drug concentration to fall to half its original value steady-state drug concentration - correct answers drug concentration is continually within the therapeutic window Can be achieved by repeated drug dosing or continuous administration Maintenance dose - correct answers the dose of drug that maintains or keeps the drug in the therapeutic range Loading dose - correct answers use of a higher dose than what is usually used for treatment to allow the drug to reach the critical concentration sooner Obtain maximum benefit of drug by individualising doses reduce toxicity shorten hospital stays drug data collection - correct answers name three objectives of dode monitering compliance dosing/medication errors tissue and fluid volume drug-drug interactions - correct answers name three factors that influence the pharmacokinetic variablility after prescription drug receptor status genetics tolerance drug-drug interactions - correct answers name three factors that influence the pharmacodynamic variablility after the drug has reached the site of action Pharmacokinetic variability - correct answers variation in dose and plasma concentration Pharmacodynamic variability - correct answers Variation in the concentration of the drug at the receptor and the subsequent response Any Toxicity? Lack of Response? Assessment of Compliance?