Exam 2 Study Guide
• Diabetes
o Blood glucose cut points
▪ Normal/prediabetes/diabetes
o Type I vs. Type II
- Type 1:
- child onset, a chronic condition where the pancreas produces little
or no insulin
- Insulin is needed by the body to take up glucose from the blood
and store it for later energy use by the cells
- Person needs to regularly take insulin shots to regulate and
maintain their insulin levels
- Type 2:
- Adult onset, it is a condition where the body becomes resistant to
insulin
- This condition occurs when a person (typically overweight) has too
much sugar circulating in their bloodstream for an extended period
of time
- Insulin is the hormone that metabolizes glucose in the blood, if a
person becomes resistant to it they have no mechanism to lower
their blood sugar
- Pancreas receptors become resistant
o Specifics about blood glucose testing
▪ Fasting Plasma Glucose Test
- 8-hour fast, checks fasting blood glucose levels
- Normal: less than 100
- Pre: 100-125
- Diabetes: 126 or higher
▪ Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
- 2-hour test that checks your blood glucose levels before
and 2 hours after you drink a special sweet drink. This tells
doctors how your body processes glucose
- Diabetes is diagnosed at 2-hour blood glucose of greater
than or equal to 200 mg/dl
- Determines type 2 diabetes
- Syrupy solution taken after 8-hour fast
- Blood glucose tested 2 hours after consumption
- Normal range = 139 mg/dl or lower
- Prediabetes = 140-199 mg/dl
• Know the location and function of digestive anatomy
• Digestive anatomy
o Organs of alimentary canal
• Diabetes
o Blood glucose cut points
▪ Normal/prediabetes/diabetes
o Type I vs. Type II
- Type 1:
- child onset, a chronic condition where the pancreas produces little
or no insulin
- Insulin is needed by the body to take up glucose from the blood
and store it for later energy use by the cells
- Person needs to regularly take insulin shots to regulate and
maintain their insulin levels
- Type 2:
- Adult onset, it is a condition where the body becomes resistant to
insulin
- This condition occurs when a person (typically overweight) has too
much sugar circulating in their bloodstream for an extended period
of time
- Insulin is the hormone that metabolizes glucose in the blood, if a
person becomes resistant to it they have no mechanism to lower
their blood sugar
- Pancreas receptors become resistant
o Specifics about blood glucose testing
▪ Fasting Plasma Glucose Test
- 8-hour fast, checks fasting blood glucose levels
- Normal: less than 100
- Pre: 100-125
- Diabetes: 126 or higher
▪ Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
- 2-hour test that checks your blood glucose levels before
and 2 hours after you drink a special sweet drink. This tells
doctors how your body processes glucose
- Diabetes is diagnosed at 2-hour blood glucose of greater
than or equal to 200 mg/dl
- Determines type 2 diabetes
- Syrupy solution taken after 8-hour fast
- Blood glucose tested 2 hours after consumption
- Normal range = 139 mg/dl or lower
- Prediabetes = 140-199 mg/dl
• Know the location and function of digestive anatomy
• Digestive anatomy
o Organs of alimentary canal
