1807NRS EOT FINAL PAPER Questions with Correct Answers
(Grade A+)
Question 1: what is the swiss cheese model.
Answer: systems have multiple layers that should remain intact - active and latent conditions
Question 2: mane.
Answer: Morning
Question 3: nocte.
Answer: night
Question 4: IM.
Answer: Intramuscular
Question 5: IV.
Answer: Intravenous
Question 6: NEB.
Answer: Nebuliser
Question 7: tds.
Answer: Three times a day
Question 8: prn.
Answer: As required
Question 9: stat.
Answer: Immediately
Question 10: g.
Answer: Gram
Question 11: mmol.
Answer: Millimole
Page 1
,Question 12: qid.
Answer: Four times a day
Question 13: mL.
Answer: millilitre
Question 14: microgram.
Answer: microgram
Question 15: subcut.
Answer: subcutaneous
Question 16: PO.
Answer: orally
Question 17: when required
Answer: prn.
Question 18: bd.
Answer: twice a day
Question 19: what are the 4 clinical trial phases and stages on how medicines are approved.
Answer: PHASE 0 HUMAN PHARMACOLOGY: assess pharmacokinetics - does it behave as expected,
microdosing 10-15 healthy volunteers. PHASE 1: HUMAN PHARMACOLOGY: safety and tolerance -
work out doses, 10-100 heatlhy volunteers or volun. w target illness. PHASE 2: THERAPEUTIC
EXPLORATORY: efficacy and safety - how well it works and safety, 100-300 volunteers w targget illness.
PHASE 3 THERAPEUTIC CONFIRMATORY: safety and efficacy or effectiveness - more info on how
well it works and how safe it is, 700-7000 volunteers w illness
Question 20: what are the 3 stages in which medicines are approved.
Answer: 1. Approval by TGA: approved for sale if phase 3 meets standards. 2. PBS subsidy: approved if it
is as good or better than other meds w same effect and acceptable price. 3. Clinical Phase: post marketing
surveillance or resolution of treatment uncertanties, safety monitory
Question 21: what is the generic name.
Answer: shortened chemical compound name
Page 2
, Question 22: what is the brand name.
Answer: given by drug company - panadol
Question 23: which schedules apply to medicines are what are they.
Answer: 2: pharmacy medications, 3: pharmacy only. 4: prescription only. 8: controlled drug
Question 24: S8 drug - storage, nursing actions and example.
Answer: locked cupboard on wall of treatment room, two nurses to administer, keys kept with RN in charge
- morphine
Question 25: what do schedules do.
Answer: tells us how the public and healthcare professionals can access medications
Question 26: what is the first pass effect.
Answer: some drugs may be extensively metabolised before reaching body
Question 27: what is the bioavailability of SC, IM and IV.
Answer: 1 = 100%
Question 28: what is the bioavailbaility of oral meds and why.
Answer: less than one because partially metabolised
Question 29: what is pharmacokinetics.
Answer: what body does to the drug
Question 30: what is pharmacodynamics.
Answer: what drug does to the body
Question 31: what are the 4 processes of pharmacokinetics.
Answer: 1. Absorption: route of administration determines its absorption and therefore availability. 2.
Metabolism: site is liver. 3. Distribution: through plasma and 4. Excretion: in kidneys
Question 32: what are the % used in calculating half life.
Answer: 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%
Page 3
(Grade A+)
Question 1: what is the swiss cheese model.
Answer: systems have multiple layers that should remain intact - active and latent conditions
Question 2: mane.
Answer: Morning
Question 3: nocte.
Answer: night
Question 4: IM.
Answer: Intramuscular
Question 5: IV.
Answer: Intravenous
Question 6: NEB.
Answer: Nebuliser
Question 7: tds.
Answer: Three times a day
Question 8: prn.
Answer: As required
Question 9: stat.
Answer: Immediately
Question 10: g.
Answer: Gram
Question 11: mmol.
Answer: Millimole
Page 1
,Question 12: qid.
Answer: Four times a day
Question 13: mL.
Answer: millilitre
Question 14: microgram.
Answer: microgram
Question 15: subcut.
Answer: subcutaneous
Question 16: PO.
Answer: orally
Question 17: when required
Answer: prn.
Question 18: bd.
Answer: twice a day
Question 19: what are the 4 clinical trial phases and stages on how medicines are approved.
Answer: PHASE 0 HUMAN PHARMACOLOGY: assess pharmacokinetics - does it behave as expected,
microdosing 10-15 healthy volunteers. PHASE 1: HUMAN PHARMACOLOGY: safety and tolerance -
work out doses, 10-100 heatlhy volunteers or volun. w target illness. PHASE 2: THERAPEUTIC
EXPLORATORY: efficacy and safety - how well it works and safety, 100-300 volunteers w targget illness.
PHASE 3 THERAPEUTIC CONFIRMATORY: safety and efficacy or effectiveness - more info on how
well it works and how safe it is, 700-7000 volunteers w illness
Question 20: what are the 3 stages in which medicines are approved.
Answer: 1. Approval by TGA: approved for sale if phase 3 meets standards. 2. PBS subsidy: approved if it
is as good or better than other meds w same effect and acceptable price. 3. Clinical Phase: post marketing
surveillance or resolution of treatment uncertanties, safety monitory
Question 21: what is the generic name.
Answer: shortened chemical compound name
Page 2
, Question 22: what is the brand name.
Answer: given by drug company - panadol
Question 23: which schedules apply to medicines are what are they.
Answer: 2: pharmacy medications, 3: pharmacy only. 4: prescription only. 8: controlled drug
Question 24: S8 drug - storage, nursing actions and example.
Answer: locked cupboard on wall of treatment room, two nurses to administer, keys kept with RN in charge
- morphine
Question 25: what do schedules do.
Answer: tells us how the public and healthcare professionals can access medications
Question 26: what is the first pass effect.
Answer: some drugs may be extensively metabolised before reaching body
Question 27: what is the bioavailability of SC, IM and IV.
Answer: 1 = 100%
Question 28: what is the bioavailbaility of oral meds and why.
Answer: less than one because partially metabolised
Question 29: what is pharmacokinetics.
Answer: what body does to the drug
Question 30: what is pharmacodynamics.
Answer: what drug does to the body
Question 31: what are the 4 processes of pharmacokinetics.
Answer: 1. Absorption: route of administration determines its absorption and therefore availability. 2.
Metabolism: site is liver. 3. Distribution: through plasma and 4. Excretion: in kidneys
Question 32: what are the % used in calculating half life.
Answer: 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%
Page 3
