NSG 318 Final Exam - Pharmacology Exam –
(2026/2027) NGN Questions and Case Scenarios
(Guarantee Pass)
NSG 318 FINAL EXAM – PHARMACOLOGY EXAM NGN Questions & Case
Scenarios | 2026/2027 Edition
Below is a comprehensive pharmacology exam review for the NSG 318 Final
Exam at Grand Canyon University, featuring 200+ NGN-style questions with
verified answers, detailed rationales, and case scenarios covering all major drug
classifications .
PART 1: PHARMACOKINETICS & PHARMACODYNAMICS (25 Questions)
Q1. Pharmacokinetics is defined as:
A) The study of what the drug does to the body
B) The study of what the body does to the drug
C) The study of drug safety and efficacy
D) The study of drug interactions
1
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pharmacokinetics is the study of drug movement throughout the body,
encompassing absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME).
Pharmacodynamics is "what the drug does to the body" .
Q2. Which route of administration has the highest bioavailability?
A) Oral
B) Subcutaneous
C) Intravenous (IV)
D) Intramuscular
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: IV administration delivers the drug directly into systemic circulation,
bypassing absorption, with 100% bioavailability .
Q3. A patient with renal impairment would require dose adjustment for drugs
primarily eliminated by:
A) Hepatic metabolism
B) Renal excretion
2
,C) Biliary excretion
D) Pulmonary excretion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Drugs eliminated by the kidneys (e.g., aminoglycosides, lithium,
digoxin) accumulate in renal failure, requiring dose adjustment .
Q4. The cytochrome P450 enzyme system is involved in:
A) Drug absorption
B) Drug distribution
C) Drug metabolism (Phase I)
D) Drug excretion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The cytochrome P450 system (CYP450) is responsible for Phase I drug
metabolism in the liver .
Q5. Steady state of a drug is typically reached after how many half-lives?
3
, A) 1
B) 2
C) 3-4
D) 4-5
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: After approximately 4-5 half-lives, drug accumulation and elimination
reach equilibrium; plasma concentration is steady .
Q6. Which of the following factors affects drug excretion? (Select all that apply)
A) Drugs that affect renal excretion
B) Drugs that decrease cardiac output
C) Use of diuretics
D) Change of urine pH
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D
Rationale: All of these factors affect drug excretion. Decreased renal function,
cardiac output, diuretic use, competition for excretion routes, and urine pH changes
can alter drug elimination .
4
(2026/2027) NGN Questions and Case Scenarios
(Guarantee Pass)
NSG 318 FINAL EXAM – PHARMACOLOGY EXAM NGN Questions & Case
Scenarios | 2026/2027 Edition
Below is a comprehensive pharmacology exam review for the NSG 318 Final
Exam at Grand Canyon University, featuring 200+ NGN-style questions with
verified answers, detailed rationales, and case scenarios covering all major drug
classifications .
PART 1: PHARMACOKINETICS & PHARMACODYNAMICS (25 Questions)
Q1. Pharmacokinetics is defined as:
A) The study of what the drug does to the body
B) The study of what the body does to the drug
C) The study of drug safety and efficacy
D) The study of drug interactions
1
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pharmacokinetics is the study of drug movement throughout the body,
encompassing absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME).
Pharmacodynamics is "what the drug does to the body" .
Q2. Which route of administration has the highest bioavailability?
A) Oral
B) Subcutaneous
C) Intravenous (IV)
D) Intramuscular
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: IV administration delivers the drug directly into systemic circulation,
bypassing absorption, with 100% bioavailability .
Q3. A patient with renal impairment would require dose adjustment for drugs
primarily eliminated by:
A) Hepatic metabolism
B) Renal excretion
2
,C) Biliary excretion
D) Pulmonary excretion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Drugs eliminated by the kidneys (e.g., aminoglycosides, lithium,
digoxin) accumulate in renal failure, requiring dose adjustment .
Q4. The cytochrome P450 enzyme system is involved in:
A) Drug absorption
B) Drug distribution
C) Drug metabolism (Phase I)
D) Drug excretion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The cytochrome P450 system (CYP450) is responsible for Phase I drug
metabolism in the liver .
Q5. Steady state of a drug is typically reached after how many half-lives?
3
, A) 1
B) 2
C) 3-4
D) 4-5
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: After approximately 4-5 half-lives, drug accumulation and elimination
reach equilibrium; plasma concentration is steady .
Q6. Which of the following factors affects drug excretion? (Select all that apply)
A) Drugs that affect renal excretion
B) Drugs that decrease cardiac output
C) Use of diuretics
D) Change of urine pH
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D
Rationale: All of these factors affect drug excretion. Decreased renal function,
cardiac output, diuretic use, competition for excretion routes, and urine pH changes
can alter drug elimination .
4
