NUR 5461 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 WILLIAM
PATERSON UNIVERSITY 2026/2027
COMPLETE PRACTICE TEST BANK
QUESTION TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE |
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
FORMAT: QUESTION + ANSWER +
DETAILED RATIONALE
MODULES 1-7 COVERED
SECTION 1: CELLULAR ADAPTATION,
INJURY, AND DEATH (Questions 1-60)
Cellular Adaptation (Questions 1-20)
1
,Q1. A patient with longstanding hypertension
develops an enlarged left ventricular
myocardium. Which cellular adaptation best
explains this finding?
- A) Hyperplasia
- B) Hypertrophy
- C) Metaplasia
- D) Atrophy
Correct Answer: B) Hypertrophy
Rationale: Cardiac myocytes have limited
ability to divide. Chronic pressure overload
therefore causes enlargement of individual
cells, producing myocardial hypertrophy.
Hyperplasia would require cell division, which
is not a primary mechanism in cardiac muscle.
2
,Q2. Which cellular adaptation involves the
replacement of one differentiated cell type
with another mature cell type?
- A) Hypertrophy
- B) Hyperplasia
- C) Metaplasia
- D) Dysplasia
Correct Answer: C) Metaplasia
Rationale: Metaplasia is a reversible adaptive
change in which one differentiated cell type is
replaced by another better suited to tolerate
chronic stress. In Barrett's esophagus, normal
stratified squamous epithelium is replaced by
columnar epithelium in response to chronic
acid exposure.
3
, Q3. A patient with chronic kidney disease
develops decreased muscle mass. Which
cellular adaptation is responsible?
- A) Hypertrophy
- B) Hyperplasia
- C) Atrophy
- D) Metaplasia
Correct Answer: C) Atrophy
Rationale: Atrophy is a decrease in cell size
and organ size resulting from reduced
workload, loss of innervation, diminished
blood supply, inadequate nutrition, or aging.
Q4. A patient with chronic hepatitis B
develops cirrhosis with nodular liver
4
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 WILLIAM
PATERSON UNIVERSITY 2026/2027
COMPLETE PRACTICE TEST BANK
QUESTION TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE |
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
FORMAT: QUESTION + ANSWER +
DETAILED RATIONALE
MODULES 1-7 COVERED
SECTION 1: CELLULAR ADAPTATION,
INJURY, AND DEATH (Questions 1-60)
Cellular Adaptation (Questions 1-20)
1
,Q1. A patient with longstanding hypertension
develops an enlarged left ventricular
myocardium. Which cellular adaptation best
explains this finding?
- A) Hyperplasia
- B) Hypertrophy
- C) Metaplasia
- D) Atrophy
Correct Answer: B) Hypertrophy
Rationale: Cardiac myocytes have limited
ability to divide. Chronic pressure overload
therefore causes enlargement of individual
cells, producing myocardial hypertrophy.
Hyperplasia would require cell division, which
is not a primary mechanism in cardiac muscle.
2
,Q2. Which cellular adaptation involves the
replacement of one differentiated cell type
with another mature cell type?
- A) Hypertrophy
- B) Hyperplasia
- C) Metaplasia
- D) Dysplasia
Correct Answer: C) Metaplasia
Rationale: Metaplasia is a reversible adaptive
change in which one differentiated cell type is
replaced by another better suited to tolerate
chronic stress. In Barrett's esophagus, normal
stratified squamous epithelium is replaced by
columnar epithelium in response to chronic
acid exposure.
3
, Q3. A patient with chronic kidney disease
develops decreased muscle mass. Which
cellular adaptation is responsible?
- A) Hypertrophy
- B) Hyperplasia
- C) Atrophy
- D) Metaplasia
Correct Answer: C) Atrophy
Rationale: Atrophy is a decrease in cell size
and organ size resulting from reduced
workload, loss of innervation, diminished
blood supply, inadequate nutrition, or aging.
Q4. A patient with chronic hepatitis B
develops cirrhosis with nodular liver
4
