Test Bank for Microbiology with Diseases
by Body System 4th Edition Bauman / All
Chapters 1-25 / Full Complete
SECTION I: Foundations of Microbiology (Chapters 1–4)
1. Antoni van Leeuwenhoek is credited with which of the following contributions to
microbiology?
A) Developing the taxonomic system for naming organisms
B) First observing and recording microorganisms using a simple microscope
C) Disproving spontaneous generation with swan-necked flasks
D) Establishing the germ theory of disease
Leeuwenhoek crafted single-lens microscopes and was the first to observe and document
bacteria and protozoa (which he called "animalcules"), including those from pond water and his
own oral cavity .
2. Which scientist definitively disproved spontaneous generation using swan-necked flasks?
A) John Needham
B) Lazzaro Spallanzani
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Robert Koch
Pasteur’s swan-necked flask experiments demonstrated that microbial growth occurred only
when airborne dust (containing microbes) entered the flask, disproving the theory that
microbes arose spontaneously from nonliving matter .
3. A newly discovered organism is found in a boiling hot spring. It lacks a nucleus and has a
cell wall lacking peptidoglycan. This organism is most likely a member of which domain?
A) Bacteria
B) Archaea
C) Eukarya
D) Fungi
, Archaea are prokaryotes often found in extreme environments (hot springs, high salt, etc.).
Their cell walls lack peptidoglycan, distinguishing them from bacteria .
4. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fungi?
A) They are eukaryotic.
B) They possess a cell wall.
C) They are photosynthetic.
D) They can be unicellular or multicellular.
Fungi are heterotrophic eukaryotes (they absorb nutrients from other organisms). They are
never photosynthetic. Algae and some bacteria are photosynthetic .
5. Parasitic worms (helminths) are studied in microbiology because:
A) They are all microscopic in size.
B) Their eggs and larvae are microscopic and identifiable in patient samples.
C) They are prokaryotic.
D) They are easily cultured on agar media.
Although adult helminths can be macroscopic (e.g., tapeworms), their diagnostic stages (ova
and larvae) are microscopic, and their study overlaps with microbiology for diagnostic purposes
.
6. The theory that living things arise from nonliving matter is called:
A) Biogenesis
B) Spontaneous generation (abiogenesis)
C) Germ theory
D) Cell theory
Spontaneous generation (abiogenesis) was the long-held belief that living organisms could
arise from nonliving matter. It was disproved by Pasteur and others .
7. Which of the following statements regarding viruses is CORRECT?
,A) Viruses are cellular organisms.
B) Viruses contain both DNA and RNA simultaneously.
C) Viruses are acellular obligatory parasites.
D) Viruses can be killed by antibiotics.
Viruses are acellular, meaning they are not cells. They consist of nucleic acid (either DNA or
RNA, not both) surrounded by a protein coat and must infect a host cell to replicate. Antibiotics
target bacterial structures and are ineffective against viruses .
8. In binomial nomenclature, the name Escherichia coli consists of which two taxonomic
levels?
A) Domain and Kingdom
B) Kingdom and Phylum
C) Genus and Species
D) Family and Genus
Binomial nomenclature uses the genus (capitalized) followed by the species epithet
(lowercase). Escherichia is the genus; coli is the species .
9. Which scientist developed a taxonomic system for naming and grouping organisms that is
still the foundation of modern biological classification?
A) Robert Hooke
B) Carolus Linnaeus
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Robert Koch
Carolus Linnaeus developed the binomial system of nomenclature and the hierarchical
taxonomic classification system .
10. Which of the following is a characteristic shared by ALL cellular organisms?
A) Evolution
B) Motility
C) Nucleus
D) Photosynthesis
, All cellular organisms evolve through natural selection. Motility, a nucleus, and
photosynthesis are not universal characteristics .
11. (SATA) Which of the following statements about fungi are TRUE? Select all that apply.
A) Fungi are eukaryotic.
B) Molds are multicellular fungi.
C) Fungi are photosynthetic.
D) Yeasts are unicellular fungi.
E) Fungi have cell walls.
Fungi are eukaryotes with cell walls. Molds are multicellular, while yeasts are unicellular.
They are heterotrophs and are NOT photosynthetic .
12. What is the primary function of a capsule in bacteria?
A) Motility
B) DNA transfer
C) Protection against phagocytosis
D) Protein synthesis
The capsule is a polysaccharide layer outside the cell wall that protects against
phagocytosis, adherence to surfaces, and desiccation .
13. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the Gram stain reagents?
A) Crystal violet → Iodine → Safranin → Alcohol
B) Safranin → Crystal violet → Iodine → Alcohol
C) Crystal violet → Iodine → Alcohol → Safranin
D) Iodine → Crystal violet → Alcohol → Safranin
The Gram stain procedure: crystal violet (primary stain) → iodine (mordant) → alcohol
(decolorizer) → safranin (counterstain). Gram-positive cells retain crystal violet-iodine; Gram-
negative cells are decolorized and take up safranin .
by Body System 4th Edition Bauman / All
Chapters 1-25 / Full Complete
SECTION I: Foundations of Microbiology (Chapters 1–4)
1. Antoni van Leeuwenhoek is credited with which of the following contributions to
microbiology?
A) Developing the taxonomic system for naming organisms
B) First observing and recording microorganisms using a simple microscope
C) Disproving spontaneous generation with swan-necked flasks
D) Establishing the germ theory of disease
Leeuwenhoek crafted single-lens microscopes and was the first to observe and document
bacteria and protozoa (which he called "animalcules"), including those from pond water and his
own oral cavity .
2. Which scientist definitively disproved spontaneous generation using swan-necked flasks?
A) John Needham
B) Lazzaro Spallanzani
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Robert Koch
Pasteur’s swan-necked flask experiments demonstrated that microbial growth occurred only
when airborne dust (containing microbes) entered the flask, disproving the theory that
microbes arose spontaneously from nonliving matter .
3. A newly discovered organism is found in a boiling hot spring. It lacks a nucleus and has a
cell wall lacking peptidoglycan. This organism is most likely a member of which domain?
A) Bacteria
B) Archaea
C) Eukarya
D) Fungi
, Archaea are prokaryotes often found in extreme environments (hot springs, high salt, etc.).
Their cell walls lack peptidoglycan, distinguishing them from bacteria .
4. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fungi?
A) They are eukaryotic.
B) They possess a cell wall.
C) They are photosynthetic.
D) They can be unicellular or multicellular.
Fungi are heterotrophic eukaryotes (they absorb nutrients from other organisms). They are
never photosynthetic. Algae and some bacteria are photosynthetic .
5. Parasitic worms (helminths) are studied in microbiology because:
A) They are all microscopic in size.
B) Their eggs and larvae are microscopic and identifiable in patient samples.
C) They are prokaryotic.
D) They are easily cultured on agar media.
Although adult helminths can be macroscopic (e.g., tapeworms), their diagnostic stages (ova
and larvae) are microscopic, and their study overlaps with microbiology for diagnostic purposes
.
6. The theory that living things arise from nonliving matter is called:
A) Biogenesis
B) Spontaneous generation (abiogenesis)
C) Germ theory
D) Cell theory
Spontaneous generation (abiogenesis) was the long-held belief that living organisms could
arise from nonliving matter. It was disproved by Pasteur and others .
7. Which of the following statements regarding viruses is CORRECT?
,A) Viruses are cellular organisms.
B) Viruses contain both DNA and RNA simultaneously.
C) Viruses are acellular obligatory parasites.
D) Viruses can be killed by antibiotics.
Viruses are acellular, meaning they are not cells. They consist of nucleic acid (either DNA or
RNA, not both) surrounded by a protein coat and must infect a host cell to replicate. Antibiotics
target bacterial structures and are ineffective against viruses .
8. In binomial nomenclature, the name Escherichia coli consists of which two taxonomic
levels?
A) Domain and Kingdom
B) Kingdom and Phylum
C) Genus and Species
D) Family and Genus
Binomial nomenclature uses the genus (capitalized) followed by the species epithet
(lowercase). Escherichia is the genus; coli is the species .
9. Which scientist developed a taxonomic system for naming and grouping organisms that is
still the foundation of modern biological classification?
A) Robert Hooke
B) Carolus Linnaeus
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Robert Koch
Carolus Linnaeus developed the binomial system of nomenclature and the hierarchical
taxonomic classification system .
10. Which of the following is a characteristic shared by ALL cellular organisms?
A) Evolution
B) Motility
C) Nucleus
D) Photosynthesis
, All cellular organisms evolve through natural selection. Motility, a nucleus, and
photosynthesis are not universal characteristics .
11. (SATA) Which of the following statements about fungi are TRUE? Select all that apply.
A) Fungi are eukaryotic.
B) Molds are multicellular fungi.
C) Fungi are photosynthetic.
D) Yeasts are unicellular fungi.
E) Fungi have cell walls.
Fungi are eukaryotes with cell walls. Molds are multicellular, while yeasts are unicellular.
They are heterotrophs and are NOT photosynthetic .
12. What is the primary function of a capsule in bacteria?
A) Motility
B) DNA transfer
C) Protection against phagocytosis
D) Protein synthesis
The capsule is a polysaccharide layer outside the cell wall that protects against
phagocytosis, adherence to surfaces, and desiccation .
13. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the Gram stain reagents?
A) Crystal violet → Iodine → Safranin → Alcohol
B) Safranin → Crystal violet → Iodine → Alcohol
C) Crystal violet → Iodine → Alcohol → Safranin
D) Iodine → Crystal violet → Alcohol → Safranin
The Gram stain procedure: crystal violet (primary stain) → iodine (mordant) → alcohol
(decolorizer) → safranin (counterstain). Gram-positive cells retain crystal violet-iodine; Gram-
negative cells are decolorized and take up safranin .
