Pathophysiology 6th Edition Banasik
Test Bank
Unit I: Pathophysiologic Processes
Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology
1. A patient was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently
developed a pharyngeal infection. The clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of
102.3°F, skin rash, dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. A throat
culture is positive for Streptococcus. The etiology of this patient's disease is:
A. A sore throat
B. Streptococcal infection
C. Genetic susceptibility
D. Pharyngitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. In
this case, the streptococcal infection is the causative agent. A sore throat and pharyngitis are
clinical manifestations of the disease process, not the cause. Genetic susceptibility refers to an
inherited tendency to develop a disease and is not indicated in this scenario .
2. A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes
meningitis. This is an example of:
A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
D. Disease treatment
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing
exposure for susceptible individuals, in this case by providing vaccination. Secondary prevention
is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Tertiary prevention includes
rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective
functioning .
,3. An obese but otherwise healthy teenager is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and
exercise program. This is an example of:
A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
D. Disease treatment
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the
disease, such as prescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already developed
obesity. Primary prevention occurs before disease develops. Tertiary prevention is for
established disease with disability .
4. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-
lowering medication. This is an example of:
A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
D. Disease treatment
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to
alleviate disability and restore effective functioning, such as prescribing a cholesterol-lowering
medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention occurs before disease develops.
Secondary prevention is the early detection and management of disease .
5. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis but is not yet demonstrating signs
of this disease. This stage of illness is called the _____ stage.
A. Prodromal
B. Latent
C. Sequela
D. Convalescence
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Incubation (latent) refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an
injurious agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms. Prodromal refers to the
appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a disease. Sequela refers to a
,subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is the stage of
recovery after a disease .
6. A disease that is native to a particular region is called:
A. Epidemic
B. Endemic
C. Pandemic
D. Ethnographic
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a
disease that spreads to many individuals at the same time. Pandemics are epidemics that affect
large geographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide .
7. In general, with aging, organ size and function:
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Remain the same
D. Are unknown
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease. This is a normal age-
related change that affects all body systems, though the rate and extent vary among individuals
.
8. The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are
well established, is referred to as:
A. Latent stage
B. Subclinical stage
C. Prodromal stage
D. Convalescence stage
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease
processes are well established, is called the subclinical stage. The latent period is the interval
between exposure and first appearance of signs. The prodromal period is when first signs
appear. Convalescence is the recovery stage .
, 9. A patient's red blood cell count is slightly elevated today. This might be explained by:
(Select all that apply.)
A. Gender difference
B. Situational factors
C. Normal variation
D. Cultural variation
E. Illness
Correct Answer: A, B, C, E
Rationale: Gender, situations (e.g., altitude), normal variations, and illness may all
determine red blood cell count. Culture affects how manifestations are perceived (normal
versus abnormal) but does not directly affect red blood cell count .
10. When the cause of a disease is unknown, the condition is said to be:
A. Iatrogenic
B. Idiopathic
C. Nosocomial
D. Congenital
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Many diseases are idiopathic in nature, meaning the cause is unknown.
Iatrogenic refers to a disease caused by medical treatment. Nosocomial refers to a hospital-
acquired infection. Congenital refers to a disease present at birth .
Chapter 2: Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors
11. Indicators that an individual is experiencing high stress include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Tachycardia
B. Diaphoresis
C. Increased peripheral resistance
D. Pupil constriction
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pupils dilate during stress from the effects of catecholamines. Tachycardia,
diaphoresis, and increased peripheral resistance are indicators of stress and also occur because
of catecholamine release .
12. Which is NOT normally secreted in response to stress?
Test Bank
Unit I: Pathophysiologic Processes
Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology
1. A patient was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently
developed a pharyngeal infection. The clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of
102.3°F, skin rash, dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. A throat
culture is positive for Streptococcus. The etiology of this patient's disease is:
A. A sore throat
B. Streptococcal infection
C. Genetic susceptibility
D. Pharyngitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. In
this case, the streptococcal infection is the causative agent. A sore throat and pharyngitis are
clinical manifestations of the disease process, not the cause. Genetic susceptibility refers to an
inherited tendency to develop a disease and is not indicated in this scenario .
2. A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes
meningitis. This is an example of:
A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
D. Disease treatment
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing
exposure for susceptible individuals, in this case by providing vaccination. Secondary prevention
is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Tertiary prevention includes
rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective
functioning .
,3. An obese but otherwise healthy teenager is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and
exercise program. This is an example of:
A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
D. Disease treatment
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the
disease, such as prescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already developed
obesity. Primary prevention occurs before disease develops. Tertiary prevention is for
established disease with disability .
4. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-
lowering medication. This is an example of:
A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
D. Disease treatment
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to
alleviate disability and restore effective functioning, such as prescribing a cholesterol-lowering
medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention occurs before disease develops.
Secondary prevention is the early detection and management of disease .
5. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis but is not yet demonstrating signs
of this disease. This stage of illness is called the _____ stage.
A. Prodromal
B. Latent
C. Sequela
D. Convalescence
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Incubation (latent) refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an
injurious agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms. Prodromal refers to the
appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a disease. Sequela refers to a
,subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is the stage of
recovery after a disease .
6. A disease that is native to a particular region is called:
A. Epidemic
B. Endemic
C. Pandemic
D. Ethnographic
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a
disease that spreads to many individuals at the same time. Pandemics are epidemics that affect
large geographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide .
7. In general, with aging, organ size and function:
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Remain the same
D. Are unknown
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease. This is a normal age-
related change that affects all body systems, though the rate and extent vary among individuals
.
8. The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are
well established, is referred to as:
A. Latent stage
B. Subclinical stage
C. Prodromal stage
D. Convalescence stage
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease
processes are well established, is called the subclinical stage. The latent period is the interval
between exposure and first appearance of signs. The prodromal period is when first signs
appear. Convalescence is the recovery stage .
, 9. A patient's red blood cell count is slightly elevated today. This might be explained by:
(Select all that apply.)
A. Gender difference
B. Situational factors
C. Normal variation
D. Cultural variation
E. Illness
Correct Answer: A, B, C, E
Rationale: Gender, situations (e.g., altitude), normal variations, and illness may all
determine red blood cell count. Culture affects how manifestations are perceived (normal
versus abnormal) but does not directly affect red blood cell count .
10. When the cause of a disease is unknown, the condition is said to be:
A. Iatrogenic
B. Idiopathic
C. Nosocomial
D. Congenital
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Many diseases are idiopathic in nature, meaning the cause is unknown.
Iatrogenic refers to a disease caused by medical treatment. Nosocomial refers to a hospital-
acquired infection. Congenital refers to a disease present at birth .
Chapter 2: Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors
11. Indicators that an individual is experiencing high stress include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Tachycardia
B. Diaphoresis
C. Increased peripheral resistance
D. Pupil constriction
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pupils dilate during stress from the effects of catecholamines. Tachycardia,
diaphoresis, and increased peripheral resistance are indicators of stress and also occur because
of catecholamine release .
12. Which is NOT normally secreted in response to stress?
