PBIO 1000 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Biosphere - Answers - Consists of all life on Earth
Biome - Answers - A group of ecosystems with similar climates and organisms
Ecosystem - Answers - All the organisms in an area and how they interact with the
environment
Community - Answers - All the different populations that live together in an area
Populations - Answers - All the members of one species in a particular area
Habitat - Answers - Place where an organism lives
Niche - Answers - An organism's particular role in an ecosystem, or how it makes its
living.
Energy - Answers - Flows through, with losses at each stage
Matter - Answers - Recycled
Biodiversity - Answers - The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or
ecosystem.
3 Levels of Biodiversity - Answers - 1. genetic diversity
2. species diversity
3. ecosystem diversity
Factors causing biodiversity loss - Answers - Deforestation, Urban Development,
Pollution, Invasive Species, Climate Change
Strategies for reducing biodiversity loss - Answers - Ecosystems are the focus of these
effects; when you protect ecosystems, you protect species and genetic diversity in
those ecosystems. Protecting and restoring habitats, controlling pollution, and mitigating
climate change are good strategies for reducing biodiversity loss
Explain how solutions for reducing biodiversity loss are connected with mitigating
climate change and protecting human health. - Answers - Greater stability of food
systems, cleaner air and water, natural resources for now and the future, higher
capacity for mitigating climate change, more support for communities
, Provisioning Services - Answers - Food, water, fiber, oils, medicines, genetic resources
Regulating Services - Answers - Erosion control, clean air and water, climate regulation
Cultural Services - Answers - Beauty, recreation, spirituality, education, art
Supporting Services - Answers - Nutrient cycling, soil formation, oxygen production
through photosynthesis
Natural Capital - Answers - The natural resources of Earth, such as air, water, and
minerals.
Describe the relationship between natural and other types of capital - Answers -
Manufactured and human capital require natural capital for construction, built and
human capital (the economy) are embedded in society which is embedded in the rest of
nature
Public Goods - Answers - Non-rival and non-excludable
Ecosystem Service Valuation - Answers - Assigning monetary value to ecosystem
services
Compare and contrast the benefits of natural infrastructure with engineered solutions in
coastal areas and oyster reefs - Answers - Protection from storms - buffers homes and
roads from flooding, reduction in shoreline erosion, reduced wave energy from storms,
habitat, improved water quality via filtration of chemicals and nutrient processing
Know how salt marshes contribute to nutrient cycling and can be used in wastewater
filtration - Answers - Salt marshes filter the chemicals and process other nutrients to
improve the water quality
Describe the composition of solar radiation. Know what percentage is captured through
photosynthesis and what happens to the remainder - Answers - Solar radiation is about
45% light; the rest is ultraviolet radiation or heat. Less than 1% of the total energy is
captured through photosynthesis and the rest is reflected by the Earth's cloud cover or it
is radiated by the Earth's surface back into space as heat
Producers - Answers - Organisms that make their own food
Photosynthesis - Answers - Plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon
dioxide into sugars
Consumers - Answers - An organism that obtains energy and nutrients by feeding on
other organisms or their remains.
ANSWERS
Biosphere - Answers - Consists of all life on Earth
Biome - Answers - A group of ecosystems with similar climates and organisms
Ecosystem - Answers - All the organisms in an area and how they interact with the
environment
Community - Answers - All the different populations that live together in an area
Populations - Answers - All the members of one species in a particular area
Habitat - Answers - Place where an organism lives
Niche - Answers - An organism's particular role in an ecosystem, or how it makes its
living.
Energy - Answers - Flows through, with losses at each stage
Matter - Answers - Recycled
Biodiversity - Answers - The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or
ecosystem.
3 Levels of Biodiversity - Answers - 1. genetic diversity
2. species diversity
3. ecosystem diversity
Factors causing biodiversity loss - Answers - Deforestation, Urban Development,
Pollution, Invasive Species, Climate Change
Strategies for reducing biodiversity loss - Answers - Ecosystems are the focus of these
effects; when you protect ecosystems, you protect species and genetic diversity in
those ecosystems. Protecting and restoring habitats, controlling pollution, and mitigating
climate change are good strategies for reducing biodiversity loss
Explain how solutions for reducing biodiversity loss are connected with mitigating
climate change and protecting human health. - Answers - Greater stability of food
systems, cleaner air and water, natural resources for now and the future, higher
capacity for mitigating climate change, more support for communities
, Provisioning Services - Answers - Food, water, fiber, oils, medicines, genetic resources
Regulating Services - Answers - Erosion control, clean air and water, climate regulation
Cultural Services - Answers - Beauty, recreation, spirituality, education, art
Supporting Services - Answers - Nutrient cycling, soil formation, oxygen production
through photosynthesis
Natural Capital - Answers - The natural resources of Earth, such as air, water, and
minerals.
Describe the relationship between natural and other types of capital - Answers -
Manufactured and human capital require natural capital for construction, built and
human capital (the economy) are embedded in society which is embedded in the rest of
nature
Public Goods - Answers - Non-rival and non-excludable
Ecosystem Service Valuation - Answers - Assigning monetary value to ecosystem
services
Compare and contrast the benefits of natural infrastructure with engineered solutions in
coastal areas and oyster reefs - Answers - Protection from storms - buffers homes and
roads from flooding, reduction in shoreline erosion, reduced wave energy from storms,
habitat, improved water quality via filtration of chemicals and nutrient processing
Know how salt marshes contribute to nutrient cycling and can be used in wastewater
filtration - Answers - Salt marshes filter the chemicals and process other nutrients to
improve the water quality
Describe the composition of solar radiation. Know what percentage is captured through
photosynthesis and what happens to the remainder - Answers - Solar radiation is about
45% light; the rest is ultraviolet radiation or heat. Less than 1% of the total energy is
captured through photosynthesis and the rest is reflected by the Earth's cloud cover or it
is radiated by the Earth's surface back into space as heat
Producers - Answers - Organisms that make their own food
Photosynthesis - Answers - Plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon
dioxide into sugars
Consumers - Answers - An organism that obtains energy and nutrients by feeding on
other organisms or their remains.
