BSN 246/ BSN 246 - SHERPATH WEEK 5 & 6 (GLUCOSE
REGULATION) HESI HEALTH ASSESSMENT EXAM V2
(LATEST 2025/ 2026 UPDATE) QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS |100% CORRECT| GRADE A- NIGHTINGALE
CORE DOMAINS
• Glucose Regulation: Physiology and Pathophysiology
• Diabetes Mellitus: Types, Risk Factors, and Diagnostic Criteria
• Assessment of Patients with Glucose Dysregulation
• Acute and Chronic Complications of Diabetes
• Pharmacological Management of Diabetes
• Nutritional and Lifestyle Management
• Patient Education and Self-Management
• Special Populations: Pregnancy, Pediatrics, and Older Adults
• Interprofessional Collaboration and Care Coordination
• Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
INTRODUCTION
This comprehensive examination is designed for Bachelor of Science in
Nursing students at Nightingale College preparing for the HESI Health
Assessment Exam V2, specifically focusing on Sherpath Weeks 5 & 6
content covering Glucose Regulation. It assesses the knowledge and
clinical judgment required to identify, assess, and manage patients with
glucose regulation disorders. The examination employs multiple-choice and
scenario-based questions that mirror the actual HESI format. Emphasis is
placed on critical thinking, priority-setting, patient education, and the
application of evidence-based practice in the assessment and management
of diabetes mellitus. Each question is accompanied by a verified answer
and detailed rationale to support learning and exam readiness.
,SECTION ONE: GLUCOSE REGULATION: PHYSIOLOGY AND
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
1. A nurse is reviewing the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes
mellitus with a newly licensed nurse. Which statement by the newly
licensed nurse indicates correct understanding?
A. "Type 1 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance in peripheral tissues."
B. "Type 1 diabetes results from an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic
beta cells."
C. "Type 1 diabetes is characterized by a gradual decline in insulin
production due to aging."
D. "Type 1 diabetes is caused by excessive glucagon production."
B. "Type 1 diabetes results from an autoimmune destruction of
pancreatic beta cells."
RATIONALE: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune condition in
which the body's immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing
beta cells in the pancreas, leading to absolute insulin deficiency. Insulin
resistance characterizes type 2 diabetes. Glucagon excess is not the
primary cause .
2. A client with type 2 diabetes asks the nurse, "Why do I need to take
medication if my body still makes insulin?" Which response by the
nurse is most accurate?
A. "Your body makes insulin, but your cells do not respond to it effectively."
B. "Your pancreas has stopped making insulin completely."
C. "Your body makes too much insulin, so the medication helps lower it."
D. "You need medication because your body makes no insulin at all."
A. "Your body makes insulin, but your cells do not respond to it
effectively."
RATIONALE: Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance,
where the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin, combined with
progressive beta cell dysfunction. Unlike type 1 diabetes, the pancreas still
produces some insulin in type 2 diabetes .
, 3. A nurse is teaching a client about counter-regulatory hormones.
Which hormone is primarily responsible for raising blood glucose
levels by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis?
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Somatostatin
D. Amylin
B. Glucagon
RATIONALE: Glucagon is a counter-regulatory hormone secreted by
pancreatic alpha cells that raises blood glucose by stimulating
glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen) and gluconeogenesis (production
of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources). Insulin lowers blood glucose.
Somatostatin inhibits both insulin and glucagon. Amylin slows gastric
emptying and suppresses glucagon .
4. Which laboratory test provides the most accurate reflection of a
client's average blood glucose over the past 2 to 3 months?
A. Fasting plasma glucose
B. Oral glucose tolerance test
C. Hemoglobin A1c
D. Random blood glucose
C. Hemoglobin A1c
RATIONALE: Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) reflects the average blood
glucose over the past 2 to 3 months by measuring the percentage of
glycated hemoglobin. Fasting plasma glucose and random blood glucose
provide only a snapshot of glucose at that moment. The oral glucose
tolerance test measures glucose tolerance over a 2-hour period .
5. A client's fasting plasma glucose is 115 mg/dL. How should the
nurse interpret this finding?
A. Normal glucose level
B. Prediabetes
REGULATION) HESI HEALTH ASSESSMENT EXAM V2
(LATEST 2025/ 2026 UPDATE) QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS |100% CORRECT| GRADE A- NIGHTINGALE
CORE DOMAINS
• Glucose Regulation: Physiology and Pathophysiology
• Diabetes Mellitus: Types, Risk Factors, and Diagnostic Criteria
• Assessment of Patients with Glucose Dysregulation
• Acute and Chronic Complications of Diabetes
• Pharmacological Management of Diabetes
• Nutritional and Lifestyle Management
• Patient Education and Self-Management
• Special Populations: Pregnancy, Pediatrics, and Older Adults
• Interprofessional Collaboration and Care Coordination
• Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
INTRODUCTION
This comprehensive examination is designed for Bachelor of Science in
Nursing students at Nightingale College preparing for the HESI Health
Assessment Exam V2, specifically focusing on Sherpath Weeks 5 & 6
content covering Glucose Regulation. It assesses the knowledge and
clinical judgment required to identify, assess, and manage patients with
glucose regulation disorders. The examination employs multiple-choice and
scenario-based questions that mirror the actual HESI format. Emphasis is
placed on critical thinking, priority-setting, patient education, and the
application of evidence-based practice in the assessment and management
of diabetes mellitus. Each question is accompanied by a verified answer
and detailed rationale to support learning and exam readiness.
,SECTION ONE: GLUCOSE REGULATION: PHYSIOLOGY AND
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
1. A nurse is reviewing the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes
mellitus with a newly licensed nurse. Which statement by the newly
licensed nurse indicates correct understanding?
A. "Type 1 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance in peripheral tissues."
B. "Type 1 diabetes results from an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic
beta cells."
C. "Type 1 diabetes is characterized by a gradual decline in insulin
production due to aging."
D. "Type 1 diabetes is caused by excessive glucagon production."
B. "Type 1 diabetes results from an autoimmune destruction of
pancreatic beta cells."
RATIONALE: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune condition in
which the body's immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing
beta cells in the pancreas, leading to absolute insulin deficiency. Insulin
resistance characterizes type 2 diabetes. Glucagon excess is not the
primary cause .
2. A client with type 2 diabetes asks the nurse, "Why do I need to take
medication if my body still makes insulin?" Which response by the
nurse is most accurate?
A. "Your body makes insulin, but your cells do not respond to it effectively."
B. "Your pancreas has stopped making insulin completely."
C. "Your body makes too much insulin, so the medication helps lower it."
D. "You need medication because your body makes no insulin at all."
A. "Your body makes insulin, but your cells do not respond to it
effectively."
RATIONALE: Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance,
where the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin, combined with
progressive beta cell dysfunction. Unlike type 1 diabetes, the pancreas still
produces some insulin in type 2 diabetes .
, 3. A nurse is teaching a client about counter-regulatory hormones.
Which hormone is primarily responsible for raising blood glucose
levels by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis?
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Somatostatin
D. Amylin
B. Glucagon
RATIONALE: Glucagon is a counter-regulatory hormone secreted by
pancreatic alpha cells that raises blood glucose by stimulating
glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen) and gluconeogenesis (production
of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources). Insulin lowers blood glucose.
Somatostatin inhibits both insulin and glucagon. Amylin slows gastric
emptying and suppresses glucagon .
4. Which laboratory test provides the most accurate reflection of a
client's average blood glucose over the past 2 to 3 months?
A. Fasting plasma glucose
B. Oral glucose tolerance test
C. Hemoglobin A1c
D. Random blood glucose
C. Hemoglobin A1c
RATIONALE: Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) reflects the average blood
glucose over the past 2 to 3 months by measuring the percentage of
glycated hemoglobin. Fasting plasma glucose and random blood glucose
provide only a snapshot of glucose at that moment. The oral glucose
tolerance test measures glucose tolerance over a 2-hour period .
5. A client's fasting plasma glucose is 115 mg/dL. How should the
nurse interpret this finding?
A. Normal glucose level
B. Prediabetes
