Functional anatomy- Lesson 1 Lecture
Gross anatomy- is Greek and its the study of the structure visible to the human eye
Surface anatomy- is the external structure of the body and is especially important in conducting
a physical examination of the patient
Radiologic anatomy- is the external structure of the body and is important in conducting a
physical examination of the patient
Systemic anatomy- is the study of one organ system at a time and is the approach taken by
most introductory textbooks
Regional anatomy- is the study of multiple organ systems at once in the given region of the
body
Ana- means to cut open
Tome- means a cutting
What is functional anatomy?
- Functional anatomy is the study of the body relating to its function.
- Anatomy as the study of the structure of the body and body parts. This is done through
observation.
- Whole body- macroscopic
- At the level of cells and tissues- Microscopic
What is histology?
- In order to view individual cells of the body, we need to thinly slice tissue specimen and
stain them underneath the microscope. This process is known as histology.
Directional terms, reference to position
Term Meaning
Anterior Towards the front of the body
Posterior Towards the back of the body
Ventral Towards the anterior side
Dorsal Towards the posterior side
Superior Above
Inferior Below
Cephalic Towards the head or the superior end
Rostral Towards the forehead or nose
Caudal Towards the tail or the inferior end
Medial Towards the midline of the body
Lateral Away from the midline of the body
Proximal Closer to the point of attachment or origin
Distal Farther from the point of attachment or origin
Ipsilaeral On the same side of the body (right or left)
Contralateral On the opposite side of the body
Superficial Closer to the body surface
, Deep Further away from the body surface
Major body regions:
- Axial region: Head, neck (cervical region), Trunk, abdominal region, our quadrants, lines
cross the umblicious
- Nine regions: Midclavicular line, subcostal line, intertubercular line
Gross anatomy- is Greek and its the study of the structure visible to the human eye
Surface anatomy- is the external structure of the body and is especially important in conducting
a physical examination of the patient
Radiologic anatomy- is the external structure of the body and is important in conducting a
physical examination of the patient
Systemic anatomy- is the study of one organ system at a time and is the approach taken by
most introductory textbooks
Regional anatomy- is the study of multiple organ systems at once in the given region of the
body
Ana- means to cut open
Tome- means a cutting
What is functional anatomy?
- Functional anatomy is the study of the body relating to its function.
- Anatomy as the study of the structure of the body and body parts. This is done through
observation.
- Whole body- macroscopic
- At the level of cells and tissues- Microscopic
What is histology?
- In order to view individual cells of the body, we need to thinly slice tissue specimen and
stain them underneath the microscope. This process is known as histology.
Directional terms, reference to position
Term Meaning
Anterior Towards the front of the body
Posterior Towards the back of the body
Ventral Towards the anterior side
Dorsal Towards the posterior side
Superior Above
Inferior Below
Cephalic Towards the head or the superior end
Rostral Towards the forehead or nose
Caudal Towards the tail or the inferior end
Medial Towards the midline of the body
Lateral Away from the midline of the body
Proximal Closer to the point of attachment or origin
Distal Farther from the point of attachment or origin
Ipsilaeral On the same side of the body (right or left)
Contralateral On the opposite side of the body
Superficial Closer to the body surface
, Deep Further away from the body surface
Major body regions:
- Axial region: Head, neck (cervical region), Trunk, abdominal region, our quadrants, lines
cross the umblicious
- Nine regions: Midclavicular line, subcostal line, intertubercular line
