NR606 Midterm Exam Study Guide Questions And Answers

NR606 Midterm Exam Study Guide Questions And Answers A detailed description of the symptoms related to the chief concern is presented in the: History of present illness. Differential diagnosis. General patient information section. Past medical history. - ANSWER -History of present illness. A patient presents with abdominal cramping. From the options below, which would be the most appropriate section document that the patient denies any diarrhea? Subjective: Review of systems section Objective section Assessment section Plan section - ANSWER -Subjective: Review of systems section True or False: A focused assessment is conduced to gather data abut a specific problem that has already been identify - ANSWER -True New drug development is good at determining: efficacy safety side effects toxicity - ANSWER -efficacy The student nurse asks the nursing instructor why he needs to take anatomy and physiology, as well as microbiology, when he only wants to learn about pharmacology. What is the best response by the instructor? "Because pharmacology is an outgrowth of those subjects" "You must learn all, since those subjects, as well as pharmacology, are part of the curriculum." "Knowledge of all those subjects will prepare you to provide the best patient care, including the administration of medications." "Because an understanding of those subjects is essential to understanding pharmacology." - ANSWER -"Because an understanding of those subjects is essential to understanding pharmacology." When giving drugs by the intramuscular route, absorption depends upon: Amount of subcutaneous fat Blood flow to the site of injection Lipid solubility of the drug - ANSWER -blood flow to the site of injection The first pass effect can cause a drug to be Eliminated from the body completely Inactivated before reaching the bloodstream Made more potent before being absorbed into the bloodstream - ANSWER -Inactivated before reaching the bloodstream Drugs that produce effects by preventing receptor activation but have no effects of their own on receptor function are called Agonists Antagonists Mimetics - ANSWER -Antagonists Half life is used to predict and interpret Absorption Change in plasma concentration Saturation time for receptors - ANSWER -Change in plasma concentration The cytochrome P450 system is found in the Kidney Liver Thymus Brain - ANSWER -Liver Drugs that cross the blood-brain barrier are Bound to albumin Lipid soluble Water soluble - ANSWER -Lipid soluble Passage of a drug from the site of administration into the circulation is Absorption Bioavailability Distribution - ANSWER -Absorption The half life of a drug is two hours. At four hours, the expected concentration of the drug is 0% 25% 50% - ANSWER -25% Drugs are available to exert their effect on the cell when they are Bound to albumin Dissolved in lipids Unbound to albumin (free) - ANSWER -Unbound to albumin (free) Maximum efficacy refers to the: Minimal level needed to have an effect on most people Maximum effect a drug can produce Toxic level of a drug - ANSWER -Maximum effect a drug can produce Elimination of drugs happens primarily via the GI tract Kidney Liver - ANSWER -Kidney Oral distribution of drugs may vary in the neonate because of Decreased GI transit time Decreased GI surface area in relation to body weight Increased GI blood flow - ANSWER -Decreased GI transit time Measuring a trough level of a drug may determine a change in the Dose Interval Route - ANSWER -Interval Drugs that activate receptors and mimic the actions of the body's own regulatory molecules are called: Agonists Antagonists Regulators - ANSWER -Agonists The therapeutic index refers to the: Amount of drug that it takes to have an effect on the patient Level at which a drug will be toxic to most patients Ratio of the drug's lethal dose to it's effective dose - ANSWER -Ratio of the drug's lethal dose to it's effective dose True or false: Clinical trials will determine any adverse effects of a drug before the drug is marketed to health care providers. - ANSWER -False True or false: The more potent a drug is, the greater its maximum efficacy - ANSWER -False True or false: Infants have the highest overall percentage of body water. - ANSWER -True True or false: The two main intracellular fluid (ICF) compartments are the interstitial fluid contained in the nucleus and the intravascular fluid contained in the cell body. - ANSWER False What is the mechanism by which the energy produced from carbohydrates, proteins and lipids is transferred to adenosine triphosphate (ATP)? Anaerobic glycolysis Oxidative cellular metabolism Oxidative phosphorylation Tricarboxylic acid phosphorylation - ANSWER -Oxidative phosphorylation True or false: Loss of sodium and gain of water can cause hyponatremia - ANSWER -True In hypoxic injury, why does sodium enter the cell and cause swelling? Because the cell membrane permeability increases for sodium during periods of hypoxia Because there is insufficient ATP to maintain the pump that keeps sodium out of the cell Because the lactic acid produced by the hypoxia binds with sodium within the cell Because sodium cannot be transported in the cytosol to the cell membrane during hypoxia - ANSWER -Because there is insufficient ATP to maintain the pump that keeps sodium out of the cell What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps? Lipids Proteolytic cascade Proteins Carbohydrates - ANSWER -Proteins The patient has the following arterial blood gas (ABG's) results; pH 7.32, PaCO2 88 mmHg and HCO3 24 mEQ/L. The nurse interprets these results as: Metabolic acidosis Respiratory alkalosis Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory acidosis - ANSWER -Respiratory Acidosis Which is a description of the characteristics of apoptosis?