PNB 2265: EXAM 5 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
What is the purpose of the kidneys? - Correct Answers -takes circulating blood that
might have waste or toxins and turns what we don't need into urine. What's cleaned is
put back into circulation
What are some of the metabolic end products that the kidneys can filter? - Correct
Answers -ketones, drugs and xenobiotics
Do the kidneys have a role in osmolarity and pH? - Correct Answers -yes!
Regulates salt, K, Ca, Cl, PO4, HCO3, H2O
TRUE OR FALSE
The endocrine system plays a role in kidney functions - Correct Answers -Yes, secretes
renin that regulates long term blood pressure
Does renin regulate long term blood pressure? - Correct Answers -YES
What effect does water have on blood pressure? - Correct Answers -The more water in
the blood, the higher the blood pressure
What are the three steps of kidney function? - Correct Answers -filtration, absorption
and secretion
Where is the kidney located? - Correct Answers -abdominal cavity in the posterior
region, its tucked underneath the last set of floating ribs
What are the 3 basic regions of the kidney? - Correct Answers -cortex, medulla and
nephron
Where is the cortex? - Correct Answers -outer region of the kidney
Where is the medulla? - Correct Answers -inner area of kidney that looks like a little
triangle
In the medulla of the kidney, what are the individual triangles called? - Correct Answers
-renal pyramids
What is located at the end of each renal pyramid? What is its function? - Correct
Answers -papillae, that has newly formed urine dripping into th ecollecting system
,In the papillae, where does that newly formed urine go to? - Correct Answers -minor
calyces that then runs to the major calyces
After the newly formed urine has made its way through the minor and major calyces,
what does it go to next? - Correct Answers -renal pelvis
What is the renal pelvis medial to? - Correct Answers -renal hylem
What does the renal hylem consist of? - Correct Answers -Where the renal arteries,
veins and ureter enter/exit
What is the renal capsule? - Correct Answers -fibrous connective tissue covering the
kidney
Where do we have renal fat? - Correct Answers -inside and around the kidney
What is the functional unit of the kidney? - Correct Answers -nephron
where is most of the nephron located? - Correct Answers -most of it is in the cortex but
some dips down into the medulla
Describe the gross anatomy of urine through the urinary tract - Correct Answers -goes
from kidney, to ureters, urinary bladder then urethra
TRUE OR FALSE
The ureter is NOT directly connected to the kidney - Correct Answers -FALSE
It is
How does newly formed urine move through the bladder? - Correct Answers -peristalsis
What is the responsibility of the nephron? - Correct Answers -filtering what stays in
blood and what goes to urine
What are the regions of the nephron? Go in order from blood to urine creation - Correct
Answers -(capillary netwrok = glomerulus) Bowman's capsule, PCT, descending loop of
henle, ascending loop of henle, DCT and CD
What is the fluid in the nephron that isnt blood or urine yet? - Correct Answers -filtrate
What regions of the nephron go through the medulla? - Correct Answers -Loop of henle
cannnn dip into the medulla but CD ALWAYS goes thru medulla
What are the two types of nephrons? - Correct Answers -cortical and juxtamedullary
, What are the percentages of cortical nephrons and juxtamedullary? - Correct Answers -
85% cortical, 15% juxtamedullary
Which type of nephron dips farther into the medulla? - Correct Answers -juxtamedullary
dips farther into the medulla than the cortical nephrone
Why is it significant that the juxtamedullary dips farther into the medulla? - Correct
Answers -Medulla is a very salty region, so this creates a lot of osmolarity difference
with the concentration gradients, thus creating more concentrated urine.
Where does filtration happen? - Correct Answers -renal corpuscle (bowman's capsule
and glomerulus)
HOW does filtration happen? - Correct Answers -pressure gradients (bulk flow)
What are the two things discussed that are excluded from filtrate? - Correct Answers -
cells and large molecules such as proteins
What is renal reabsorption? - Correct Answers -when substances in the filtrate get
returned to the blood
what kind of transporters does reabsorption happen through? - Correct Answers -semi
selective transporters
When reabsorption happens, it moves into the membrane and goes to what?
(answer isn't blood dumb dumb, be more specific) - Correct Answers -Peritubular
capillaries
Where does reabsorption happen more frequently? - Correct Answers -PCT, but
someee occurs in the rest of the nephron, but mostly PCT
Where does secretion occur? - Correct Answers -PCT, DCT, and CD
What does secretion do? - Correct Answers -substances that are still in the blood get
actively transported into the filtrate
What specifically gets secreted into the filtrate from the blood? - Correct Answers -H+
for pH balance and potassium. Can get Cl, creatine or foreign substances
what percentage of blood becomes filtrate? What percentage of blood goes back
through the efferent arteriole? - Correct Answers -20% becomes filtrate, 80% goes back
through efferent arteriole.
In the filtrate, what % of it gets excreted and what percent gets reabsorbed? - Correct
Answers -1% gets excreted while 19% gets reabsorbed.
ANSWERS
What is the purpose of the kidneys? - Correct Answers -takes circulating blood that
might have waste or toxins and turns what we don't need into urine. What's cleaned is
put back into circulation
What are some of the metabolic end products that the kidneys can filter? - Correct
Answers -ketones, drugs and xenobiotics
Do the kidneys have a role in osmolarity and pH? - Correct Answers -yes!
Regulates salt, K, Ca, Cl, PO4, HCO3, H2O
TRUE OR FALSE
The endocrine system plays a role in kidney functions - Correct Answers -Yes, secretes
renin that regulates long term blood pressure
Does renin regulate long term blood pressure? - Correct Answers -YES
What effect does water have on blood pressure? - Correct Answers -The more water in
the blood, the higher the blood pressure
What are the three steps of kidney function? - Correct Answers -filtration, absorption
and secretion
Where is the kidney located? - Correct Answers -abdominal cavity in the posterior
region, its tucked underneath the last set of floating ribs
What are the 3 basic regions of the kidney? - Correct Answers -cortex, medulla and
nephron
Where is the cortex? - Correct Answers -outer region of the kidney
Where is the medulla? - Correct Answers -inner area of kidney that looks like a little
triangle
In the medulla of the kidney, what are the individual triangles called? - Correct Answers
-renal pyramids
What is located at the end of each renal pyramid? What is its function? - Correct
Answers -papillae, that has newly formed urine dripping into th ecollecting system
,In the papillae, where does that newly formed urine go to? - Correct Answers -minor
calyces that then runs to the major calyces
After the newly formed urine has made its way through the minor and major calyces,
what does it go to next? - Correct Answers -renal pelvis
What is the renal pelvis medial to? - Correct Answers -renal hylem
What does the renal hylem consist of? - Correct Answers -Where the renal arteries,
veins and ureter enter/exit
What is the renal capsule? - Correct Answers -fibrous connective tissue covering the
kidney
Where do we have renal fat? - Correct Answers -inside and around the kidney
What is the functional unit of the kidney? - Correct Answers -nephron
where is most of the nephron located? - Correct Answers -most of it is in the cortex but
some dips down into the medulla
Describe the gross anatomy of urine through the urinary tract - Correct Answers -goes
from kidney, to ureters, urinary bladder then urethra
TRUE OR FALSE
The ureter is NOT directly connected to the kidney - Correct Answers -FALSE
It is
How does newly formed urine move through the bladder? - Correct Answers -peristalsis
What is the responsibility of the nephron? - Correct Answers -filtering what stays in
blood and what goes to urine
What are the regions of the nephron? Go in order from blood to urine creation - Correct
Answers -(capillary netwrok = glomerulus) Bowman's capsule, PCT, descending loop of
henle, ascending loop of henle, DCT and CD
What is the fluid in the nephron that isnt blood or urine yet? - Correct Answers -filtrate
What regions of the nephron go through the medulla? - Correct Answers -Loop of henle
cannnn dip into the medulla but CD ALWAYS goes thru medulla
What are the two types of nephrons? - Correct Answers -cortical and juxtamedullary
, What are the percentages of cortical nephrons and juxtamedullary? - Correct Answers -
85% cortical, 15% juxtamedullary
Which type of nephron dips farther into the medulla? - Correct Answers -juxtamedullary
dips farther into the medulla than the cortical nephrone
Why is it significant that the juxtamedullary dips farther into the medulla? - Correct
Answers -Medulla is a very salty region, so this creates a lot of osmolarity difference
with the concentration gradients, thus creating more concentrated urine.
Where does filtration happen? - Correct Answers -renal corpuscle (bowman's capsule
and glomerulus)
HOW does filtration happen? - Correct Answers -pressure gradients (bulk flow)
What are the two things discussed that are excluded from filtrate? - Correct Answers -
cells and large molecules such as proteins
What is renal reabsorption? - Correct Answers -when substances in the filtrate get
returned to the blood
what kind of transporters does reabsorption happen through? - Correct Answers -semi
selective transporters
When reabsorption happens, it moves into the membrane and goes to what?
(answer isn't blood dumb dumb, be more specific) - Correct Answers -Peritubular
capillaries
Where does reabsorption happen more frequently? - Correct Answers -PCT, but
someee occurs in the rest of the nephron, but mostly PCT
Where does secretion occur? - Correct Answers -PCT, DCT, and CD
What does secretion do? - Correct Answers -substances that are still in the blood get
actively transported into the filtrate
What specifically gets secreted into the filtrate from the blood? - Correct Answers -H+
for pH balance and potassium. Can get Cl, creatine or foreign substances
what percentage of blood becomes filtrate? What percentage of blood goes back
through the efferent arteriole? - Correct Answers -20% becomes filtrate, 80% goes back
through efferent arteriole.
In the filtrate, what % of it gets excreted and what percent gets reabsorbed? - Correct
Answers -1% gets excreted while 19% gets reabsorbed.
