PNB 2265 EXAM 3: UNIT 9 METABOLISM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is metabolism? - Correct Answers -A scale that balances energy input and energy
expenditure
What are the three things that energy is used for in the body? - Correct Answers -
Basometabolic rate
Heat
Physical activity
What is basometabolic rate? - Correct Answers -Energy consumed as a basic
requirement for being alive
What is an example of basometabolic rate? - Correct Answers -The sodium-potassium
pump
Why is heat generated as a byproduct of metabolism? - Correct Answers -To help us
maintain thermal homeostasis
What is an anabolic pathway? - Correct Answers -Build and store macromolecules
What is a catabolic pathway? - Correct Answers -Breaks down macromolecules
What type of control is metabolism mostly under? - Correct Answers -Involuntary control
What is the only voluntary process on the expenditure side of metabolism? - Correct
Answers -Activity level/exercise
What is an example of a voluntary process on the intake side of metabolism? - Correct
Answers -The things you eat and how much you eat of them
What type of control are the signals that drive eating behaviors under? - Correct
Answers -Involuntary control
What do all nucleated cells have receptors for? - Correct Answers -LDL and VLDL
What body tissues have a receptor for HDL? - Correct Answers -Liver and adrenal
cortex
What is the receptor for HDL found in the liver and adrenal cortex called? - Correct
Answers -SCARB1
, What is satiety? - Correct Answers -The feeling of fullness
Not being hungry
What portion of the brain to the signals for satiety and hunger come from specifically? -
Correct Answers -The hypothalamus
What part of the hypothalamus do the two populations of neurons come form? - Correct
Answers -Arcuate nucleus
What are the two populations of neurons found in the arcuate nucleus that control
hunger and satiety? - Correct Answers -Orexigenic neurons and anorexigenic neurons
What does activation of anorexigenic neurons stimulate? - Correct Answers -Neurons in
the paraventricular nuclei, which leads to feelings of satiety or fullness
What signals do orexigenic neurons respond to? - Correct Answers -Signals from the
gut, specifically the hormone ghrelin
What is ghrelin? - Correct Answers -A hormone that comes from your stomach
Increases when stomach is empty
Decreases when stomach is full
What is neuropeptide Y? - Correct Answers -A chemical produced in the brain in
response to stress
Is a contributing factor of "stress eating"
Under normal circumstances, what type of relationship is there between hunger signals
and satiety signals? - Correct Answers -Inverse relationship
Why is metabolism considered to be a sliding scale? - Correct Answers -It can adjust
itself at different set points in our life in response to lots of different circumstances
What is the lipostatic theory? - Correct Answers -The idea that metabolism adjusts
based on the amount of fat or adipose tissue that the body produces
Negative feedback loop
Does the lipostatic theory actually happen in real life? - Correct Answers -No,
metabolism becomes sensitized to the amount of adipose tissue and will therefore not
change its set point no matter how much more adipose tissue there is
What is leptin? - Correct Answers -A hormone that is released from an adipocyte that
inhibits orexigenic neurons, promotes satiety
What happens to people who have a mutation in the leptin gene? - Correct Answers -
They are predisposed to developing obesity
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is metabolism? - Correct Answers -A scale that balances energy input and energy
expenditure
What are the three things that energy is used for in the body? - Correct Answers -
Basometabolic rate
Heat
Physical activity
What is basometabolic rate? - Correct Answers -Energy consumed as a basic
requirement for being alive
What is an example of basometabolic rate? - Correct Answers -The sodium-potassium
pump
Why is heat generated as a byproduct of metabolism? - Correct Answers -To help us
maintain thermal homeostasis
What is an anabolic pathway? - Correct Answers -Build and store macromolecules
What is a catabolic pathway? - Correct Answers -Breaks down macromolecules
What type of control is metabolism mostly under? - Correct Answers -Involuntary control
What is the only voluntary process on the expenditure side of metabolism? - Correct
Answers -Activity level/exercise
What is an example of a voluntary process on the intake side of metabolism? - Correct
Answers -The things you eat and how much you eat of them
What type of control are the signals that drive eating behaviors under? - Correct
Answers -Involuntary control
What do all nucleated cells have receptors for? - Correct Answers -LDL and VLDL
What body tissues have a receptor for HDL? - Correct Answers -Liver and adrenal
cortex
What is the receptor for HDL found in the liver and adrenal cortex called? - Correct
Answers -SCARB1
, What is satiety? - Correct Answers -The feeling of fullness
Not being hungry
What portion of the brain to the signals for satiety and hunger come from specifically? -
Correct Answers -The hypothalamus
What part of the hypothalamus do the two populations of neurons come form? - Correct
Answers -Arcuate nucleus
What are the two populations of neurons found in the arcuate nucleus that control
hunger and satiety? - Correct Answers -Orexigenic neurons and anorexigenic neurons
What does activation of anorexigenic neurons stimulate? - Correct Answers -Neurons in
the paraventricular nuclei, which leads to feelings of satiety or fullness
What signals do orexigenic neurons respond to? - Correct Answers -Signals from the
gut, specifically the hormone ghrelin
What is ghrelin? - Correct Answers -A hormone that comes from your stomach
Increases when stomach is empty
Decreases when stomach is full
What is neuropeptide Y? - Correct Answers -A chemical produced in the brain in
response to stress
Is a contributing factor of "stress eating"
Under normal circumstances, what type of relationship is there between hunger signals
and satiety signals? - Correct Answers -Inverse relationship
Why is metabolism considered to be a sliding scale? - Correct Answers -It can adjust
itself at different set points in our life in response to lots of different circumstances
What is the lipostatic theory? - Correct Answers -The idea that metabolism adjusts
based on the amount of fat or adipose tissue that the body produces
Negative feedback loop
Does the lipostatic theory actually happen in real life? - Correct Answers -No,
metabolism becomes sensitized to the amount of adipose tissue and will therefore not
change its set point no matter how much more adipose tissue there is
What is leptin? - Correct Answers -A hormone that is released from an adipocyte that
inhibits orexigenic neurons, promotes satiety
What happens to people who have a mutation in the leptin gene? - Correct Answers -
They are predisposed to developing obesity
