Summary A Level Biology Notes on Biological Molecules

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Biological Molecules
Created @May 25, 2020 1:24 PM

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Table of Contents:
1. Monomers Polymers and Macromolecules
2. Carbohydrates
-Monosaccharides
Glucose
Roles of Monosaccharides
-Disaccharides and the glycosidic bond
Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose
-Testing for the presence of sugars
-Polysaccharides
Why does glucose need storage?
-Starch and glycogen
Starch



Biological Molecules 1

, Amylose
Amylopectin
Glycogen
-Cellulose
3. Hydrogen bonding and Dipoles
4. Lipids
-Fatty Acids
-Alcohols and Esters
-Triglycerides
Roles of Triglyceride
-Phospholipids
-Testing for the presence of Lipids
5. Proteins
-Amino Acids and the Peptide Bond
Peptide Bond
- Primary Structure
-Secondary Structure
-Tertiary Structure
-Quaternary Structure
-Globular and Fibrous Proteins
Globular Proteins
Fibrous Proteins
-Heamoglobin
-Collagen
-Test for Proteins
6. Water
-Water as a solvent
-Water as a transport medium
-High Specific Heat Capacity
-High Latent Heat of Vaporisation
How does this help organisms?
-Surface tension and Cohesion
-Water as a reagent
-Density and freezing properties
-Test for water




Biological Molecules 2

, 1. Monomers Polymers and Macromolecules

🦍 A macromolecule refers to a giant molecule



There are three types of macromolecule in living organisms

Polysaccharides

Polynucleotides - Proteins

Polypeptids



2. Carbohydrates

-Monosaccharides
Monosaccharides are sugars

They dissolve in water easily to give sweet tasting solutions

Classified according to the number of carbon atoms in their molecule

Trioses (3C)

Pentoses (5C)

Ribose

Deoxyribose

Hexoses (6C)

Glucose

Fructose

Galactose




Glucose


Biological Molecules 3