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Summary A Level Biology Evolution and Selection Notes

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These are the notes I made for this topic. They get at the most important parts of the topic THEY ARE NOT a 1 STOP guide to the topic They shouldn't be your only revision!!

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16 and 11
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August 12, 2021
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Evolution
Class CMK

Created @May 6, 2020 11:23 PM

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Variation

Variation
Topics to cover
Variation
Genetic Basis
How else is allele frequency in a population changed?
Natural Seletion
The Darwin-Wallace theory of evolution by natural selection
Species and speciation
The Hardy-Weinberg principle
Artificial selection
Crop Improvements
Inbreeding and Hybridisation in Maize


Topics to cover
Variation

Enviormental Effects On The Phenotype

Natural Selection



Evolution 1

, Genetic Drift

The Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Artificial Selction

Crop Improvement

Inbreeding and Hybridisation in Maize

The Darwin-Wallace Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection

Species and Speciation

Allopatric Speciation

Sympatic Speciation

Molecular Comparison Between Species

Extinctions




Variation

What is Variation?



🦍 The differences in phenotype between individuals of the same or different
species




Sources of Variation

Independet Assortment of Chromosomes, and therefore alleles, during meiosis

During Metaphase 1 genes of alleles assort independently of one another

During Anaphase 1 these genes seperate

Hence gametes are varied



Evolution 2

, Crossing over between Chromatids of homologous chromosomes during
meiosis
When homologous chromosomes line up in metaphase 1 crossing over
between chromosomes mean there is an exchange of alleles.

Random Fertilisation of Gametes

Random mating between organisms in a species

Mutations

Random mutations in DNA cause mutations

What is Discontinuous Variation

Qualatative phenotypic variation

Seperated into clear categories with no intermediates

Individuals can be evenly or unevenly distributed between phenotypes



🦍 Little influence from the enviorment


Continuos Variation

Quantitative Phenotype

Character doesn't fall into clearly distinguishable categories

Covers a range with limits

Show normal distribution

Due to the interactions of many genes

Influence of the enviorment




Genetic Basis


Discontinuous




Evolution 3
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