PORTAGE LEARNING BIOLOGY MODULE 1 (BIOD 101)
EXAM PREP 2026-2027: THE ULTIMATE COMPILATION
OF VERIFIED EXAM QUESTIONS AND EXPERT-
VALIDATED ANSWERS WITH DETAILED
BIOCHEMISTRY AND MACROMOLECULE RATIONALES
– YOUR GUARANTEED A+ PASS
What is Matter? What state can it exist in? -
ANSWER-Anything that takes up space, by having
volume and mass. It can be a solid, liquid, gaseous
(vapor) state, or plasma state.
What is matter made up of - ANSWER-Elements
What is the difference between Essential Elements
and Trace Elements? - ANSWER-Essential elements
are required for human life
Trace elements are required only in small
quantities.
1|Page
,True or False: Elements can be broken down to
simpler substances - ANSWER-False
How many naturally occurring elements are there? -
ANSWER-92
What percent of the six elements make up an
organism - ANSWER-98%
What are the six elements that make up 98% of an
organism - ANSWER-carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen,
oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur.
What are formed when elements combine with one
another? - ANSWER-Molecules
If the types of atoms in a molecule are different
from each other what is formed - ANSWER-
Compound
2|Page
,H20 (water) is what kind of molecule? - ANSWER-A
compound, because it has two hydrogen atoms
with a single oxygen atom.
What kind of molecules (or atoms) have a net
electrical charge? - ANSWER-Ions
True or False: Ions can be negatively or positively
charged? - ANSWER-True
An atom that gains an electrons becomes what kind
of charge and why? - ANSWER-Negatively charged,
because the number of electrons are greater than
the number of protons.
An atom that loses electrons becomes what kind of
charger and why? - ANSWER-Positively charged,
3|Page
, because the number of electrons are less than the
number of protons.
Cations have what charge? - ANSWER-positive
Anions have what charge? - ANSWER-negative
As molecules are formed, electrons are transferred
from one atom to another resulting in the
formation of - ANSWER-cations or anions
Ionic bonds are generated based on what -
ANSWER-the attraction between oppositely
charged particles
A covalent bond occurs when - ANSWER-electrons
are shared by two atoms to complete the valence
shells of both. Usually between two non-metals.
4|Page
EXAM PREP 2026-2027: THE ULTIMATE COMPILATION
OF VERIFIED EXAM QUESTIONS AND EXPERT-
VALIDATED ANSWERS WITH DETAILED
BIOCHEMISTRY AND MACROMOLECULE RATIONALES
– YOUR GUARANTEED A+ PASS
What is Matter? What state can it exist in? -
ANSWER-Anything that takes up space, by having
volume and mass. It can be a solid, liquid, gaseous
(vapor) state, or plasma state.
What is matter made up of - ANSWER-Elements
What is the difference between Essential Elements
and Trace Elements? - ANSWER-Essential elements
are required for human life
Trace elements are required only in small
quantities.
1|Page
,True or False: Elements can be broken down to
simpler substances - ANSWER-False
How many naturally occurring elements are there? -
ANSWER-92
What percent of the six elements make up an
organism - ANSWER-98%
What are the six elements that make up 98% of an
organism - ANSWER-carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen,
oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur.
What are formed when elements combine with one
another? - ANSWER-Molecules
If the types of atoms in a molecule are different
from each other what is formed - ANSWER-
Compound
2|Page
,H20 (water) is what kind of molecule? - ANSWER-A
compound, because it has two hydrogen atoms
with a single oxygen atom.
What kind of molecules (or atoms) have a net
electrical charge? - ANSWER-Ions
True or False: Ions can be negatively or positively
charged? - ANSWER-True
An atom that gains an electrons becomes what kind
of charge and why? - ANSWER-Negatively charged,
because the number of electrons are greater than
the number of protons.
An atom that loses electrons becomes what kind of
charger and why? - ANSWER-Positively charged,
3|Page
, because the number of electrons are less than the
number of protons.
Cations have what charge? - ANSWER-positive
Anions have what charge? - ANSWER-negative
As molecules are formed, electrons are transferred
from one atom to another resulting in the
formation of - ANSWER-cations or anions
Ionic bonds are generated based on what -
ANSWER-the attraction between oppositely
charged particles
A covalent bond occurs when - ANSWER-electrons
are shared by two atoms to complete the valence
shells of both. Usually between two non-metals.
4|Page
