FDNY COF P-98 ACTUAL EXAM [QUESTION 1- 200]
AND ANSWERS UPDATED 2026/2027| 100%
VERIFIED|DETAILED RATIONALES –PASS
GUARANTEED A+ GRADED |INSTANT DOWNLOAD
INTRODUCTION
The FDNY P-98 Certificate of Fitness is the Certificate of Fitness for supervision of fuel-oil
transfer in buildings. It is administered by the Fire Department of the City of New York
(FDNY) and applies to the supervision of fuel-oil transfer from a tank on the lowest floor to a
tank or fuel-burning equipment located above that floor. The P-98 is premise-related, meaning
the certificate is tied to the specific work location and certificate holder. (New York City
Government)
The certification is intended for personnel responsible for supervising fuel-oil piping, storage,
transfer systems, associated pumps, controls, alarms, emergency procedures, and related
equipment. The current FDNY study material identifies general supervision by a P-98 holder and
personal supervision for periodic inspection and testing of covered tanks and piping. (New York
City Government)
P-98 certification is important because fuel-oil transfer and storage systems involve significant
fire, explosion, leak, combustion, and environmental hazards. The certificate demonstrates that
the responsible person has passed FDNY's examination and understands the applicable operating
and safety requirements. FDNY currently lists the P-98 renewal cycle as three years. (New York
City Government)
The current P-98 examination consists of 35 multiple-choice questions, is administered on a
touch-screen computer, allows 53 minutes, and requires a score of at least 70% to pass. FDNY's
current study booklet also states that each question has four alternatives and one correct answer.
(New York City Government)
Core Domains Tested in FDNY COF P-98
P-98 certification scope, supervision, and regulatory requirements
Fuel-oil circulation and oil burner operation
Oil burner controls, safety interlocks, and combustion
Fuel-oil piping, tanks, valves, testing, and inspection
Transfer pumps, pump redundancy, emergency venting, and pressure control
Fuel-oil storage, day tanks, secondary containment, and overflow protection
Fire protection, extinguishers, alarms, emergency response, and record keeping
Fuel-oil loop systems and generator fuel systems
Equipment classification and air-pollution requirements
Lithium-ion battery safety provisions included in the current FDNY P-98 study material
,Content Area Table
FDNY's current P-98 study material specifies the 35-question examination, but does not
publish an official percentage allocation by content domain. Therefore, the table below is an
instructional distribution for this 200-question practice bank rather than a claimed FDNY
examination blueprint. The subject areas are derived from the current FDNY P-98 study
material. (New York City Government)
% of Approx. # of
Content Domain Key Topics Covered
Exam Questions
Certification, Supervision & P-98 scope, supervision, permits,
8% 16
Compliance testing, qualifications
Oil Circulation & Burner combustion, atomization, air supply,
12% 24
Operation burner operation
Burner Controls & Safety flame detection, valves, low-water
12% 24
Devices cutoff, gauges, alarms
Piping, Tanks, Valves & piping protection, hydrostatic testing,
16% 32
Inspection valves, inspection
Pumps & Fuel-Handling transfer pumps, redundancy, pressure,
16% 32
Systems alternation, loops
Storage, Day Tanks & capacity, secondary containment,
12% 24
Containment overflow, vents
Fire Protection & suppression, extinguishers, leaks,
12% 24
Emergency Procedures emergency shutdown
Alarms, Records & alarm systems, logbooks, inspections,
7% 14
Operational Safety documentation
charging, storage, damaged batteries,
Lithium-Ion Battery Safety 5% 10
emergency response
Total 100% 200 —
QUESTIONS 1-200
Q1: A building has a primary fuel-oil storage tank on its lowest floor and a stationary day
tank on the fifth floor. Fuel is transferred upward through a permanently installed pump
and piping system. Which certificate is required to supervise this transfer operation?
A) C-92
B) P-98
C) W-96
D) P-99
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: P-98 is required when fuel oil is transferred from a tank on the lowest floor to a tank
or fuel-burning equipment above that floor. C-92 applies to the specified manual diesel-filling
,situation in qualifying older buildings, while W-96 concerns portable fire-extinguisher servicing
and P-99 concerns oil-burner operation. (New York City Government)
Q2: A P-98 holder is responsible for a covered fuel-oil system. Which activity requires the
holder's personal supervision rather than merely general supervision?
A) Routine operation of the building's elevators
B) Periodic inspection and testing of the fuel-oil tanks and piping
C) Annual inspection of unrelated electrical panels
D) Cleaning of ordinary office areas
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The study material distinguishes general supervision of the covered fuel-oil operation
from personal supervision for periodic inspection and testing of the tanks and piping. The other
activities are outside the specific P-98 responsibility described in the study material. (New York
City Government)
Q3: During a weekly inspection, the P-98 holder finds no visible leakage but discovers that
a tank's float switch has not been tested for several weeks. What is the most appropriate
conclusion?
A) The float switch only needs annual testing
B) No action is required because no leak was found
C) The float switch should be tested at least weekly
D) The tank should immediately be removed from service permanently
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Covered fuel-oil storage tanks must have their float switches tested at least weekly to
ensure proper operation. Leak inspection and float-switch testing are separate maintenance
responsibilities; satisfactory performance of one does not eliminate the other. (New York City
Government)
Q4: A supervisor argues that weekly fuel-oil leak inspections are unnecessary because the
system has electronic leak detection. Which response best reflects the P-98 study material?
A) Electronic detection completely replaces inspections
B) Inspections are required only after repairs
C) Covered tanks and piping must still be inspected at least weekly for evidence of leaks
D) Inspections are required only once every three years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The P-98 study material specifically requires weekly inspection of fuel-oil storage
tanks and piping for evidence of leaks. Electronic monitoring does not eliminate the stated
inspection requirement. (New York City Government)
Q5: A new oil-burning installation has been completed, but the required certificate of
compliance and applicable permits have not yet been issued. The operator wants to start
the burner for testing. What should occur?
A) Start the burner briefly and obtain documents later
B) Operate it only during daylight
C) Operate it if the P-98 holder is present
D) Do not operate the equipment until the required approvals and permit requirements
, have been met
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The study material states that oil-burning equipment may not be operated until the
required certificate of compliance has been issued, applicable NYC DEP air-pollution
requirements have been met, and the FDNY fuel-oil storage/use permit has been issued. (New
York City Government)
Q6: A P-98 holder changes employment locations but continues supervising a fuel-oil
system of the same design. Which characteristic of the P-98 is most important?
A) It automatically follows the holder to any building
B) It applies citywide without regard to location
C) The P-98 is premise-related and is tied to the applicable work location
D) It becomes transferable to another employee
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: FDNY describes the P-98 Certificate of Fitness as premise-related. The current
FDNY page also states that it is valid for the specific location and person to whom it is issued.
(New York City Government)
Q7: During a compliance discussion, an employee asks what the word “shall” generally
means when used in the P-98 study material. What is the best answer?
A) Optional recommendation
B) Manufacturer preference
C) Suggested best practice only
D) A requirement of the Fire Code or FDNY
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The study material explains that “shall” generally refers to a requirement of the Fire
Code or FDNY, while “should” generally refers to policies, procedures, or recommended best
practices that may not themselves be codified requirements. (New York City Government)
Q8: A building employee believes P-98 certification is needed simply because a small
portable container of fuel oil is stored in an office. Which situation actually describes the
core P-98 transfer application?
A) Storage of household cleaning products
B) Portable fueling of lawn equipment
C) Transfer of fuel oil from a lowest-floor tank to an upper-floor tank or fuel-burning
equipment
D) Transportation of gasoline by automobile
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: P-98 specifically addresses supervision of fuel-oil transfer in buildings from a tank on
the lowest floor to tanks or equipment installed above that floor. (New York City Government)
Q9: A technician wants to replace the fuel grade specified for an oil burner without
obtaining additional approvals. What is the appropriate approach?
A) Change the grade if the new fuel appears visually similar
B) Change it if the tank is less than half full
C) Change it after notifying only the building tenant
AND ANSWERS UPDATED 2026/2027| 100%
VERIFIED|DETAILED RATIONALES –PASS
GUARANTEED A+ GRADED |INSTANT DOWNLOAD
INTRODUCTION
The FDNY P-98 Certificate of Fitness is the Certificate of Fitness for supervision of fuel-oil
transfer in buildings. It is administered by the Fire Department of the City of New York
(FDNY) and applies to the supervision of fuel-oil transfer from a tank on the lowest floor to a
tank or fuel-burning equipment located above that floor. The P-98 is premise-related, meaning
the certificate is tied to the specific work location and certificate holder. (New York City
Government)
The certification is intended for personnel responsible for supervising fuel-oil piping, storage,
transfer systems, associated pumps, controls, alarms, emergency procedures, and related
equipment. The current FDNY study material identifies general supervision by a P-98 holder and
personal supervision for periodic inspection and testing of covered tanks and piping. (New York
City Government)
P-98 certification is important because fuel-oil transfer and storage systems involve significant
fire, explosion, leak, combustion, and environmental hazards. The certificate demonstrates that
the responsible person has passed FDNY's examination and understands the applicable operating
and safety requirements. FDNY currently lists the P-98 renewal cycle as three years. (New York
City Government)
The current P-98 examination consists of 35 multiple-choice questions, is administered on a
touch-screen computer, allows 53 minutes, and requires a score of at least 70% to pass. FDNY's
current study booklet also states that each question has four alternatives and one correct answer.
(New York City Government)
Core Domains Tested in FDNY COF P-98
P-98 certification scope, supervision, and regulatory requirements
Fuel-oil circulation and oil burner operation
Oil burner controls, safety interlocks, and combustion
Fuel-oil piping, tanks, valves, testing, and inspection
Transfer pumps, pump redundancy, emergency venting, and pressure control
Fuel-oil storage, day tanks, secondary containment, and overflow protection
Fire protection, extinguishers, alarms, emergency response, and record keeping
Fuel-oil loop systems and generator fuel systems
Equipment classification and air-pollution requirements
Lithium-ion battery safety provisions included in the current FDNY P-98 study material
,Content Area Table
FDNY's current P-98 study material specifies the 35-question examination, but does not
publish an official percentage allocation by content domain. Therefore, the table below is an
instructional distribution for this 200-question practice bank rather than a claimed FDNY
examination blueprint. The subject areas are derived from the current FDNY P-98 study
material. (New York City Government)
% of Approx. # of
Content Domain Key Topics Covered
Exam Questions
Certification, Supervision & P-98 scope, supervision, permits,
8% 16
Compliance testing, qualifications
Oil Circulation & Burner combustion, atomization, air supply,
12% 24
Operation burner operation
Burner Controls & Safety flame detection, valves, low-water
12% 24
Devices cutoff, gauges, alarms
Piping, Tanks, Valves & piping protection, hydrostatic testing,
16% 32
Inspection valves, inspection
Pumps & Fuel-Handling transfer pumps, redundancy, pressure,
16% 32
Systems alternation, loops
Storage, Day Tanks & capacity, secondary containment,
12% 24
Containment overflow, vents
Fire Protection & suppression, extinguishers, leaks,
12% 24
Emergency Procedures emergency shutdown
Alarms, Records & alarm systems, logbooks, inspections,
7% 14
Operational Safety documentation
charging, storage, damaged batteries,
Lithium-Ion Battery Safety 5% 10
emergency response
Total 100% 200 —
QUESTIONS 1-200
Q1: A building has a primary fuel-oil storage tank on its lowest floor and a stationary day
tank on the fifth floor. Fuel is transferred upward through a permanently installed pump
and piping system. Which certificate is required to supervise this transfer operation?
A) C-92
B) P-98
C) W-96
D) P-99
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: P-98 is required when fuel oil is transferred from a tank on the lowest floor to a tank
or fuel-burning equipment above that floor. C-92 applies to the specified manual diesel-filling
,situation in qualifying older buildings, while W-96 concerns portable fire-extinguisher servicing
and P-99 concerns oil-burner operation. (New York City Government)
Q2: A P-98 holder is responsible for a covered fuel-oil system. Which activity requires the
holder's personal supervision rather than merely general supervision?
A) Routine operation of the building's elevators
B) Periodic inspection and testing of the fuel-oil tanks and piping
C) Annual inspection of unrelated electrical panels
D) Cleaning of ordinary office areas
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The study material distinguishes general supervision of the covered fuel-oil operation
from personal supervision for periodic inspection and testing of the tanks and piping. The other
activities are outside the specific P-98 responsibility described in the study material. (New York
City Government)
Q3: During a weekly inspection, the P-98 holder finds no visible leakage but discovers that
a tank's float switch has not been tested for several weeks. What is the most appropriate
conclusion?
A) The float switch only needs annual testing
B) No action is required because no leak was found
C) The float switch should be tested at least weekly
D) The tank should immediately be removed from service permanently
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Covered fuel-oil storage tanks must have their float switches tested at least weekly to
ensure proper operation. Leak inspection and float-switch testing are separate maintenance
responsibilities; satisfactory performance of one does not eliminate the other. (New York City
Government)
Q4: A supervisor argues that weekly fuel-oil leak inspections are unnecessary because the
system has electronic leak detection. Which response best reflects the P-98 study material?
A) Electronic detection completely replaces inspections
B) Inspections are required only after repairs
C) Covered tanks and piping must still be inspected at least weekly for evidence of leaks
D) Inspections are required only once every three years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The P-98 study material specifically requires weekly inspection of fuel-oil storage
tanks and piping for evidence of leaks. Electronic monitoring does not eliminate the stated
inspection requirement. (New York City Government)
Q5: A new oil-burning installation has been completed, but the required certificate of
compliance and applicable permits have not yet been issued. The operator wants to start
the burner for testing. What should occur?
A) Start the burner briefly and obtain documents later
B) Operate it only during daylight
C) Operate it if the P-98 holder is present
D) Do not operate the equipment until the required approvals and permit requirements
, have been met
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The study material states that oil-burning equipment may not be operated until the
required certificate of compliance has been issued, applicable NYC DEP air-pollution
requirements have been met, and the FDNY fuel-oil storage/use permit has been issued. (New
York City Government)
Q6: A P-98 holder changes employment locations but continues supervising a fuel-oil
system of the same design. Which characteristic of the P-98 is most important?
A) It automatically follows the holder to any building
B) It applies citywide without regard to location
C) The P-98 is premise-related and is tied to the applicable work location
D) It becomes transferable to another employee
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: FDNY describes the P-98 Certificate of Fitness as premise-related. The current
FDNY page also states that it is valid for the specific location and person to whom it is issued.
(New York City Government)
Q7: During a compliance discussion, an employee asks what the word “shall” generally
means when used in the P-98 study material. What is the best answer?
A) Optional recommendation
B) Manufacturer preference
C) Suggested best practice only
D) A requirement of the Fire Code or FDNY
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The study material explains that “shall” generally refers to a requirement of the Fire
Code or FDNY, while “should” generally refers to policies, procedures, or recommended best
practices that may not themselves be codified requirements. (New York City Government)
Q8: A building employee believes P-98 certification is needed simply because a small
portable container of fuel oil is stored in an office. Which situation actually describes the
core P-98 transfer application?
A) Storage of household cleaning products
B) Portable fueling of lawn equipment
C) Transfer of fuel oil from a lowest-floor tank to an upper-floor tank or fuel-burning
equipment
D) Transportation of gasoline by automobile
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: P-98 specifically addresses supervision of fuel-oil transfer in buildings from a tank on
the lowest floor to tanks or equipment installed above that floor. (New York City Government)
Q9: A technician wants to replace the fuel grade specified for an oil burner without
obtaining additional approvals. What is the appropriate approach?
A) Change the grade if the new fuel appears visually similar
B) Change it if the tank is less than half full
C) Change it after notifying only the building tenant
