POLS 355 TEST #2 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
What are the differences between secular and political time? According to Skowronek,
what are the four types of presidents in politics time? Be sure to include a definition and
at least one example for each type. NEED EXAMPLE - Answers - Political time
describes the recurrent patterns in presidential relationships, whereas describes
emergent patterns in political leadership; that is, how
the office has changed over time.
-reconstructive: create a new coalition and set of ideological and interest commitments.
A reconstructive president replaces existing order. the reconstructive presidents are:
Jefferson, Jackson, Lincoln, and Reagan. Jackson is an example of a reconstructive
president as he came in with a different party viewpoint and completed a partial
democratization and he believed he needed to communicate directly to the public. He
created his reputation through the military and expanded the use of the veto, especially
the veto of the charter for the Bank of the US. He also expanded the use of executive
removal powers, and re-asserted limits on federally-funded national improvements.
Jackson created the first democratic party and started a 32 year order of democratic
dominance.
-affiliated: claim authority within the dominant regime. These presidents are "orthodox
innovators" which means they do more to advance their party but it is the authority of
predecessor to accomplish more than the affiliated president. Affiliated presidents
advance their own political commitment. The affiliated presidents are: Polk and LBJ. For
example, LBJ is known for creating most of our modern federal proceedings, sucjh as
the civil rights act, the voting rights act, and many others. He did most of this because
this way of thinking was passed on from FDR's new deal. LBJ's forward thinking ways
shows that he wanted to maintain the regime and move it forwards as well. However,
when LBJ seeked reelection he ultimately failed.
-disjuncture this is when a president tries to claim authority within a dying regime. A
disjunctive president tried to capture attention to lif
According to Skowronek, what are the 3 main characteristics of a reconstructive
president? How can they clash? Use Jefferson as an example to explain all 3. -
Answers - The three main characteristics of a reconstructive president are: order-
shattering, order-maintaining, and order-creating.
-Jefferson as order-shattering: Jefferson overturned many old orders in the process of
creating his own new regime. For example, he created West Point to democratize the
armed forces as previously positions of authority had been held by families and this
would allow for new officers. Also, Jefferson repealed all internal taxes in order to have
the federal gov doing less and left the taxing up to the states, which had not previously
, been done. By creating these new policies, Jefferson changed the path of what used to
be done and changed it for the future.
-Jefferson as order-conciliator: when Jefferson became president, the opposite party
were the Federalists. Jefferson acted as a facilitator between the two parties which is an
important part to a reconstructive president. Jefferson maintained order between the
two parties by not purging the Federalists from the national bureaucracy and instead
maintaining members that were productive to show that power can transfer from
president to president smoothly. Jefferson ultimately accepted Federalist control of
judiciary after failure of the Chase impeachment.
-Jefferson as order-creating: Reconstructive presidents want to assert their new
regime's dominance, and to do so they must create new order for people to support and
follow. Jefferson created order utilizing an unprecedented control of the congress,
placed an Embargo on foreign trade as an alternative to using war powers, and
acquired a large part of our current country through the Louisiana Purchase. These are
important events for Jefferson as they set his agenda and show people what he values.
Order-creating is important to set an agenda for a particular party, especially during a
time of re
What kind of president would Skowronek's model use to categorize Monroe, Polk and
LBJ? Why does Skowronek consider these three presidents so similar? - Answers -
Monroe, Polk, and LBJ are categorized as affiliated presidents which means they
claimed authority and were a part of the dominant regime. These presidents were
focused on furthering the country and their agendas but stayed within the limits of the
party as they wanted to continue the leadership that had been taking place. These three
presidents are similar because Polk and Monroe each worked with the handpicked
successor of the regime founder. Also, they were proteges of their regime founders
(Jackson and Jefferson). Skowronek also categorizes these three presidents together
as they are considered "orthodox innovators", which means the leader may identify a
party program and then expand it in order to take it further. For example, LBJ identified
the New Deal tradition that FDR started but then extended it by creating the civil rights
act, the voting rights act, and many other programs found in our modern federal state.
LBJ is a part of a recurrent pattern because just like Monroe, LBJ appealed to an
overarching consensus, like Polk he tried to address every major part of the dominant
coalition to carry it on, and he wanted to maintain the regime as well as expand it.
Polk: was a second choice candidate, and he knew this. Polk was a friend of Jackson.
Declared that he would only serve one term and this was a bid for party unity and a
pledge of party maintenance. Polk's program elaborated the theme of equal justice for
all coalition interests. Reaching out to the South, he promised to annex Texas, secure
the Oregon territory, and had a secret promise to himself to acquire California. Polk
wanted to transform the nation without changing its politics, as party loyalty was the key
to success. Polk up conquering large parts of Mexico but compromised with Britain over
Oregon.
What are the differences between secular and political time? According to Skowronek,
what are the four types of presidents in politics time? Be sure to include a definition and
at least one example for each type. NEED EXAMPLE - Answers - Political time
describes the recurrent patterns in presidential relationships, whereas describes
emergent patterns in political leadership; that is, how
the office has changed over time.
-reconstructive: create a new coalition and set of ideological and interest commitments.
A reconstructive president replaces existing order. the reconstructive presidents are:
Jefferson, Jackson, Lincoln, and Reagan. Jackson is an example of a reconstructive
president as he came in with a different party viewpoint and completed a partial
democratization and he believed he needed to communicate directly to the public. He
created his reputation through the military and expanded the use of the veto, especially
the veto of the charter for the Bank of the US. He also expanded the use of executive
removal powers, and re-asserted limits on federally-funded national improvements.
Jackson created the first democratic party and started a 32 year order of democratic
dominance.
-affiliated: claim authority within the dominant regime. These presidents are "orthodox
innovators" which means they do more to advance their party but it is the authority of
predecessor to accomplish more than the affiliated president. Affiliated presidents
advance their own political commitment. The affiliated presidents are: Polk and LBJ. For
example, LBJ is known for creating most of our modern federal proceedings, sucjh as
the civil rights act, the voting rights act, and many others. He did most of this because
this way of thinking was passed on from FDR's new deal. LBJ's forward thinking ways
shows that he wanted to maintain the regime and move it forwards as well. However,
when LBJ seeked reelection he ultimately failed.
-disjuncture this is when a president tries to claim authority within a dying regime. A
disjunctive president tried to capture attention to lif
According to Skowronek, what are the 3 main characteristics of a reconstructive
president? How can they clash? Use Jefferson as an example to explain all 3. -
Answers - The three main characteristics of a reconstructive president are: order-
shattering, order-maintaining, and order-creating.
-Jefferson as order-shattering: Jefferson overturned many old orders in the process of
creating his own new regime. For example, he created West Point to democratize the
armed forces as previously positions of authority had been held by families and this
would allow for new officers. Also, Jefferson repealed all internal taxes in order to have
the federal gov doing less and left the taxing up to the states, which had not previously
, been done. By creating these new policies, Jefferson changed the path of what used to
be done and changed it for the future.
-Jefferson as order-conciliator: when Jefferson became president, the opposite party
were the Federalists. Jefferson acted as a facilitator between the two parties which is an
important part to a reconstructive president. Jefferson maintained order between the
two parties by not purging the Federalists from the national bureaucracy and instead
maintaining members that were productive to show that power can transfer from
president to president smoothly. Jefferson ultimately accepted Federalist control of
judiciary after failure of the Chase impeachment.
-Jefferson as order-creating: Reconstructive presidents want to assert their new
regime's dominance, and to do so they must create new order for people to support and
follow. Jefferson created order utilizing an unprecedented control of the congress,
placed an Embargo on foreign trade as an alternative to using war powers, and
acquired a large part of our current country through the Louisiana Purchase. These are
important events for Jefferson as they set his agenda and show people what he values.
Order-creating is important to set an agenda for a particular party, especially during a
time of re
What kind of president would Skowronek's model use to categorize Monroe, Polk and
LBJ? Why does Skowronek consider these three presidents so similar? - Answers -
Monroe, Polk, and LBJ are categorized as affiliated presidents which means they
claimed authority and were a part of the dominant regime. These presidents were
focused on furthering the country and their agendas but stayed within the limits of the
party as they wanted to continue the leadership that had been taking place. These three
presidents are similar because Polk and Monroe each worked with the handpicked
successor of the regime founder. Also, they were proteges of their regime founders
(Jackson and Jefferson). Skowronek also categorizes these three presidents together
as they are considered "orthodox innovators", which means the leader may identify a
party program and then expand it in order to take it further. For example, LBJ identified
the New Deal tradition that FDR started but then extended it by creating the civil rights
act, the voting rights act, and many other programs found in our modern federal state.
LBJ is a part of a recurrent pattern because just like Monroe, LBJ appealed to an
overarching consensus, like Polk he tried to address every major part of the dominant
coalition to carry it on, and he wanted to maintain the regime as well as expand it.
Polk: was a second choice candidate, and he knew this. Polk was a friend of Jackson.
Declared that he would only serve one term and this was a bid for party unity and a
pledge of party maintenance. Polk's program elaborated the theme of equal justice for
all coalition interests. Reaching out to the South, he promised to annex Texas, secure
the Oregon territory, and had a secret promise to himself to acquire California. Polk
wanted to transform the nation without changing its politics, as party loyalty was the key
to success. Polk up conquering large parts of Mexico but compromised with Britain over
Oregon.
