,NUR104 Foundations of Nursing Exam 1 Study
Guide & 150 Practice Questions Fortis College
2026/2027
1. The nurse is studying the history of nursing. Which contribution is Florence Nightingale
known for?
A. Establishing the first nursing school in the United States
B. Developing the first nursing theory
C. Establishing sanitary nursing care and improving sanitation during the Crimean War
D. Founding the American Red Cross
Correct Answer: C. Establishing sanitary nursing care and improving sanitation during the
Crimean War
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is known for establishing sanitary nursing care and improving
sanitation during the Crimean War. She also founded the first nursing school at St. Thomas's
Hospital in London. Option A is incorrect; the first nursing school in the US was established later.
Option B is incorrect; she developed environmental theory, but she is not credited with the first
nursing theory. Option D is incorrect; Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross.
2. A nurse is reviewing nursing theories. Florence Nightingale's Environmental Theory focuses
on:
,A. The nurse-client relationship
B. The manipulation of the environment for the benefit of the patient
C. Self-care deficits
D. The adaptation of the patient to illness
Correct Answer: B. The manipulation of the environment for the benefit of the patient
Rationale: Nightingale's Environmental Theory focuses on manipulating the environment
(ventilation, warmth, light, diet, cleanliness) to promote healing. Option A is Peplau's theory.
Option C is Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory. Option D is Roy's Adaptation Model.
3. A nurse is reviewing Virginia Henderson's theory. Which of the following is a component of
her theory?
A. The nurse acts as a substitute for the patient when they cannot perform self-care
B. The nurse focuses on the patient's adaptation to stressors
C. The nurse helps the patient achieve independence as quickly as possible
D. The nurse focuses on the patient's spiritual needs only
, Correct Answer: A. The nurse acts as a substitute for the patient when they cannot perform self-
care
Rationale: Henderson's theory states that the nurse acts as a substitute for the patient when
they cannot perform self-care. Option B is Roy's adaptation model. Option C is also related to
Henderson, but option A is the most direct definition of her theory. Option D is incorrect.
4. A nurse is reviewing Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory. Which of the following is a key
concept?
A. The nurse helps the patient adapt to illness
B. The nurse provides care when the patient is unable to perform self-care
C. The nurse focuses on the patient's interpersonal relationships
D. The nurse manipulates the environment to promote healing
Correct Answer: B. The nurse provides care when the patient is unable to perform self-care
Rationale: Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory focuses on the nurse providing care when the patient
is unable to perform self-care. Option A is Roy's theory. Option C is Peplau's theory. Option D is
Nightingale's theory.
Guide & 150 Practice Questions Fortis College
2026/2027
1. The nurse is studying the history of nursing. Which contribution is Florence Nightingale
known for?
A. Establishing the first nursing school in the United States
B. Developing the first nursing theory
C. Establishing sanitary nursing care and improving sanitation during the Crimean War
D. Founding the American Red Cross
Correct Answer: C. Establishing sanitary nursing care and improving sanitation during the
Crimean War
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is known for establishing sanitary nursing care and improving
sanitation during the Crimean War. She also founded the first nursing school at St. Thomas's
Hospital in London. Option A is incorrect; the first nursing school in the US was established later.
Option B is incorrect; she developed environmental theory, but she is not credited with the first
nursing theory. Option D is incorrect; Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross.
2. A nurse is reviewing nursing theories. Florence Nightingale's Environmental Theory focuses
on:
,A. The nurse-client relationship
B. The manipulation of the environment for the benefit of the patient
C. Self-care deficits
D. The adaptation of the patient to illness
Correct Answer: B. The manipulation of the environment for the benefit of the patient
Rationale: Nightingale's Environmental Theory focuses on manipulating the environment
(ventilation, warmth, light, diet, cleanliness) to promote healing. Option A is Peplau's theory.
Option C is Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory. Option D is Roy's Adaptation Model.
3. A nurse is reviewing Virginia Henderson's theory. Which of the following is a component of
her theory?
A. The nurse acts as a substitute for the patient when they cannot perform self-care
B. The nurse focuses on the patient's adaptation to stressors
C. The nurse helps the patient achieve independence as quickly as possible
D. The nurse focuses on the patient's spiritual needs only
, Correct Answer: A. The nurse acts as a substitute for the patient when they cannot perform self-
care
Rationale: Henderson's theory states that the nurse acts as a substitute for the patient when
they cannot perform self-care. Option B is Roy's adaptation model. Option C is also related to
Henderson, but option A is the most direct definition of her theory. Option D is incorrect.
4. A nurse is reviewing Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory. Which of the following is a key
concept?
A. The nurse helps the patient adapt to illness
B. The nurse provides care when the patient is unable to perform self-care
C. The nurse focuses on the patient's interpersonal relationships
D. The nurse manipulates the environment to promote healing
Correct Answer: B. The nurse provides care when the patient is unable to perform self-care
Rationale: Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory focuses on the nurse providing care when the patient
is unable to perform self-care. Option A is Roy's theory. Option C is Peplau's theory. Option D is
Nightingale's theory.
