NSG 548 Exam 1 V1 | NSG 548 FNP Role: Children &
Families | Actual Q&A with Rationale (NSG548
Exam 1) | Wilkes University
1. According to Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, which conflict is the primary
focus for a toddler aged 1 to 3 years?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Industry vs. Inferiority
C. Initiative vs. Guilt
D. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The toddler stage is characterized by the struggle for Autonomy vs. Shame
and Doubt as children begin to assert their independence. During this period, toddlers
learn to control their physical functions and make choices about their environment. Failure
to achieve this sense of independence can lead to lasting feelings of self-doubt and shame in
their abilities.
2. In Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, which stage describes a 4-year-old child’s
tendency to see the world only from their own perspective?
A. Sensorimotor stage
B. Concrete operational stage
,C. Preoperational stage
D. Formal operational stage
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The Preoperational stage occurs from ages 2 to 7 and is marked by
egocentrism, where the child cannot easily take the viewpoint of others. Children in this
stage also use symbols and language but lack the ability to perform logical mental
operations. This stage is critical for the development of imagination and symbolic play in
early childhood.
3. At what age does the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommend starting universal
screening for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using a tool like the M-CHAT?
A. 18 months and 24 months
B. 12 months and 18 months
C. 24 months and 36 months
D. 9 months and 15 months
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Universal ASD screening is specifically recommended at the 18-month and
24-month well-child visits to ensure early identification. Early detection of autism allows
for prompt referral to intervention services which significantly improves long-term
developmental outcomes. The M-CHAT-R/F is the standard validated tool used by FNPs
during these specific milestone visits.
, 4. The posterior fontanelle in an infant typically closes by which age?
A. 6 months
B. 2 months
C. 12 months
D. 18 months
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The posterior fontanelle is the smaller of the two major fontanelles and
usually closes by 6 to 8 weeks of life. Its early closure is normal, whereas the anterior
fontanelle remains open much longer to facilitate rapid brain growth. Assessment of
fontanelle closure is a vital component of the pediatric physical exam to rule out
craniosynostosis or increased intracranial pressure.
5. A mother brings her 6-month-old infant for a well-visit and asks when she can introduce
cow’s milk. What is the best response by the FNP?
A. At 9 months, if the infant is eating solids well.
B. At 4 months, if mixed with rice cereal.
C. At 6 months, as long as it is whole milk.
D. At 12 months, to prevent iron-deficiency anemia.
Correct Answer: D
Families | Actual Q&A with Rationale (NSG548
Exam 1) | Wilkes University
1. According to Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, which conflict is the primary
focus for a toddler aged 1 to 3 years?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Industry vs. Inferiority
C. Initiative vs. Guilt
D. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The toddler stage is characterized by the struggle for Autonomy vs. Shame
and Doubt as children begin to assert their independence. During this period, toddlers
learn to control their physical functions and make choices about their environment. Failure
to achieve this sense of independence can lead to lasting feelings of self-doubt and shame in
their abilities.
2. In Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, which stage describes a 4-year-old child’s
tendency to see the world only from their own perspective?
A. Sensorimotor stage
B. Concrete operational stage
,C. Preoperational stage
D. Formal operational stage
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The Preoperational stage occurs from ages 2 to 7 and is marked by
egocentrism, where the child cannot easily take the viewpoint of others. Children in this
stage also use symbols and language but lack the ability to perform logical mental
operations. This stage is critical for the development of imagination and symbolic play in
early childhood.
3. At what age does the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommend starting universal
screening for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using a tool like the M-CHAT?
A. 18 months and 24 months
B. 12 months and 18 months
C. 24 months and 36 months
D. 9 months and 15 months
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Universal ASD screening is specifically recommended at the 18-month and
24-month well-child visits to ensure early identification. Early detection of autism allows
for prompt referral to intervention services which significantly improves long-term
developmental outcomes. The M-CHAT-R/F is the standard validated tool used by FNPs
during these specific milestone visits.
, 4. The posterior fontanelle in an infant typically closes by which age?
A. 6 months
B. 2 months
C. 12 months
D. 18 months
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The posterior fontanelle is the smaller of the two major fontanelles and
usually closes by 6 to 8 weeks of life. Its early closure is normal, whereas the anterior
fontanelle remains open much longer to facilitate rapid brain growth. Assessment of
fontanelle closure is a vital component of the pediatric physical exam to rule out
craniosynostosis or increased intracranial pressure.
5. A mother brings her 6-month-old infant for a well-visit and asks when she can introduce
cow’s milk. What is the best response by the FNP?
A. At 9 months, if the infant is eating solids well.
B. At 4 months, if mixed with rice cereal.
C. At 6 months, as long as it is whole milk.
D. At 12 months, to prevent iron-deficiency anemia.
Correct Answer: D
