EXAM TWO NUR 5461 Advanced Pathophysiology William Paterson
University of New Jersey | UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified
Answers
Question:
Which structure is part of the central nervous system (CNS)?
A. Brain
B. Somatic nervous system
C. Peripheral nerve pathways
D. Cranial nerves
Answer:
A. Brain
The brain is part of the CNS. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of the cranial
nerves and the spinal nerves. The PNS can be divided into the somatic nervous system
and the autonomic nervous system.
Question:
Which is an insulating substance for the neuron?
A. Schwann sheath
B. Myelin
C. Neurilemma
D. Node of Ranvier
Answer:
Myelin
Myelin is an insulating substance. The neurilemma is the same as a Schwann sheath; it is
the delicate tissue that surrounds each axon. The nodes of Ranvier are interruptions at
regular intervals that occur in the myelin.
Question:
Which neurons transmit impulses from neuron to neuron?
A. Unipolar neurons
B. Sensory neurons
C. Motor neurons
D. Interneurons
, Answer:
ANS: D. Interneurons
Interneurons, or associational neurons, transmit impulses from neuron to neuron. Motor
neurons transmit impulses away from the CNS. Sensory neurons carry impulses from the
peripheral sensory receptors to the CNS. Unipolar neurons have one process that
branches shortly after leaving the cell body.
Question:
Which term describes successive, rapid impulses received
from a single neuron on the same synapse?
A. Temporal summation
B. Spatial summation
C. Convergence
D. Facilitation
Answer:
A. Temporal summation
Temporal summation refers to the effects of successive, rapid impulses received from a
single neuron on the same synapse. Spatial summation refers to the combined effect of
impulses from a number of neurons on a single synapse at the same time. Facilitation
refers to the effects of excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) on the plasma membrane
potential. Convergence refers to a number of neurons firing and converging on one
neuron.
Question:
Which is a component of the midbrain?
A.Cerebral hemisphere
B. Tegmentum
C. Cerebellum
D. Medulla oblongata
Answer:
Tegmentum
The tegmentum, corpora quadrigemina, and cerebral peduncles are parts of the
midbrain. The cerebral hemispheres make up the forebrain. The brainstem is composed of
the midbrain, medulla oblongata, and pons.
,Question:
Which part of the brain contains all cell bodies and dendrites
of the neurons?
A. Gyri
B. Sulci
C. White matter
D. Gray matter
Answer:
■Gray matter
The gray matter contains the cell bodies and dendrites of the neurons. The gyri are the
convolutions of the cerebrum. The sulci are the grooves between adjacent gyri. The white
matter contains myelinated nerve fibers.
Question:
Which statement is true regarding Broca's area?
A. Is responsible for receptive speech
B. Is responsible for motor speech
C. Results in the inability to hear
D. Is located in the right cerebral hemisphere
Answer:
■Is responsible for motor speech
Broca's area is found on the left and is responsible for motor speech. Deficits in this area
result in the inability to form words, which is also called expressive aphasia.
Question:
Which statement is true regarding the cerebellum?
A. Makes up fibers of the corticospinal tract
B. Maintains balance or posture
C. Controls respiration
D. Is the location of cranial nerves V through VIII
Answer:
■Maintains balance or posture
The cerebellum is responsible for balance and posture and is also responsible for both
, conscious and unconscious muscle synergy. The pons controls respirations and is the
location of cranial nerves V through VIII. The fibers of the corticospinal tract are made up
in the basis pedunculi.
.
Question:
Which is involved in pain transmission?
A. Posterior horn
B. Substantia gelatinosa
C. Anterior horn
D. Dorsal root ganglia
Answer:
■Substantia gelatinosa
The substantia gelatinosa is a structure involved in pain transmission. The posterior horn
(dorsal horn) is primarily composed of interneurons and axons from sensory neurons. The
anterior or ventral horn contains nerve cell bodies for efferent pathways leaving the
spinal cord. The dorsal root ganglion is part of the sensory ganglion.
Question:
Which statement is true regarding a subdural hematoma?
A. It is a collection of blood between the dura and arachnoid.
B. It occurs as a result of the disruption of an artery.
C. It is a collection of blood between the skull and the dura.
D. It produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Answer:
■A. It is a collection of blood between the dura and arachnoid.
A subdural hematoma is a collection of venous blood between the dura and the
arachnoid. An epidural hematoma is a collection of blood between the skull and the dura
that involves an arterial bleed. The pia mater closely adheres to the brain. The choroid
plexuses produce CSF.
Question:
University of New Jersey | UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified
Answers
Question:
Which structure is part of the central nervous system (CNS)?
A. Brain
B. Somatic nervous system
C. Peripheral nerve pathways
D. Cranial nerves
Answer:
A. Brain
The brain is part of the CNS. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of the cranial
nerves and the spinal nerves. The PNS can be divided into the somatic nervous system
and the autonomic nervous system.
Question:
Which is an insulating substance for the neuron?
A. Schwann sheath
B. Myelin
C. Neurilemma
D. Node of Ranvier
Answer:
Myelin
Myelin is an insulating substance. The neurilemma is the same as a Schwann sheath; it is
the delicate tissue that surrounds each axon. The nodes of Ranvier are interruptions at
regular intervals that occur in the myelin.
Question:
Which neurons transmit impulses from neuron to neuron?
A. Unipolar neurons
B. Sensory neurons
C. Motor neurons
D. Interneurons
, Answer:
ANS: D. Interneurons
Interneurons, or associational neurons, transmit impulses from neuron to neuron. Motor
neurons transmit impulses away from the CNS. Sensory neurons carry impulses from the
peripheral sensory receptors to the CNS. Unipolar neurons have one process that
branches shortly after leaving the cell body.
Question:
Which term describes successive, rapid impulses received
from a single neuron on the same synapse?
A. Temporal summation
B. Spatial summation
C. Convergence
D. Facilitation
Answer:
A. Temporal summation
Temporal summation refers to the effects of successive, rapid impulses received from a
single neuron on the same synapse. Spatial summation refers to the combined effect of
impulses from a number of neurons on a single synapse at the same time. Facilitation
refers to the effects of excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) on the plasma membrane
potential. Convergence refers to a number of neurons firing and converging on one
neuron.
Question:
Which is a component of the midbrain?
A.Cerebral hemisphere
B. Tegmentum
C. Cerebellum
D. Medulla oblongata
Answer:
Tegmentum
The tegmentum, corpora quadrigemina, and cerebral peduncles are parts of the
midbrain. The cerebral hemispheres make up the forebrain. The brainstem is composed of
the midbrain, medulla oblongata, and pons.
,Question:
Which part of the brain contains all cell bodies and dendrites
of the neurons?
A. Gyri
B. Sulci
C. White matter
D. Gray matter
Answer:
■Gray matter
The gray matter contains the cell bodies and dendrites of the neurons. The gyri are the
convolutions of the cerebrum. The sulci are the grooves between adjacent gyri. The white
matter contains myelinated nerve fibers.
Question:
Which statement is true regarding Broca's area?
A. Is responsible for receptive speech
B. Is responsible for motor speech
C. Results in the inability to hear
D. Is located in the right cerebral hemisphere
Answer:
■Is responsible for motor speech
Broca's area is found on the left and is responsible for motor speech. Deficits in this area
result in the inability to form words, which is also called expressive aphasia.
Question:
Which statement is true regarding the cerebellum?
A. Makes up fibers of the corticospinal tract
B. Maintains balance or posture
C. Controls respiration
D. Is the location of cranial nerves V through VIII
Answer:
■Maintains balance or posture
The cerebellum is responsible for balance and posture and is also responsible for both
, conscious and unconscious muscle synergy. The pons controls respirations and is the
location of cranial nerves V through VIII. The fibers of the corticospinal tract are made up
in the basis pedunculi.
.
Question:
Which is involved in pain transmission?
A. Posterior horn
B. Substantia gelatinosa
C. Anterior horn
D. Dorsal root ganglia
Answer:
■Substantia gelatinosa
The substantia gelatinosa is a structure involved in pain transmission. The posterior horn
(dorsal horn) is primarily composed of interneurons and axons from sensory neurons. The
anterior or ventral horn contains nerve cell bodies for efferent pathways leaving the
spinal cord. The dorsal root ganglion is part of the sensory ganglion.
Question:
Which statement is true regarding a subdural hematoma?
A. It is a collection of blood between the dura and arachnoid.
B. It occurs as a result of the disruption of an artery.
C. It is a collection of blood between the skull and the dura.
D. It produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Answer:
■A. It is a collection of blood between the dura and arachnoid.
A subdural hematoma is a collection of venous blood between the dura and the
arachnoid. An epidural hematoma is a collection of blood between the skull and the dura
that involves an arterial bleed. The pia mater closely adheres to the brain. The choroid
plexuses produce CSF.
Question:
