NSG 448 Exam 4 V3 | NSG 448 Evidence-Based
Project Capstone | Actual Q&A with Rationale
(NSG448 Exam 4) | Grand Canyon University
1. When evaluating the success of an Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) project, which of the
following best describes the difference between clinical significance and statistical
significance?
A. Statistical significance only applies to qualitative research designs, while clinical
significance applies to quantitative ones.
B. Clinical significance is determined by p-values, whereas statistical significance is
determined by qualitative interviews.
C. Statistical significance measures the reliability of the study results, while clinical
significance measures the practical importance of the findings to patient care.
D. There is no difference between the two; they are used interchangeably in the evaluation
of project outcomes.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Statistical significance indicates whether the observed effect is likely due to
chance, often determined by a p-value less than 0.05. Clinical significance refers to the
impact of the intervention on patient outcomes and whether the change is meaningful in a
real-world healthcare setting. Evaluating both is essential to ensure that an intervention is
not just mathematically valid but also beneficial to patients.
,2. A project lead is finalizing the EBP project report. According to the PICOT framework, which
component is essential for defining the parameters of the population being studied?
A. The intervention being implemented.
B. The timeframe required for the outcome to be achieved.
C. The comparison group receiving standard care.
D. The specific patient demographic or problem.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The ‘P’ in PICOT stands for the Patient, Population, or Problem being
addressed. This component defines who the study is about and the specific health issues
they face. Clearly defining this allows for more accurate data collection and application of
evidence.
3. Which factors are considered critical for ensuring the sustainability of a newly
implemented EBP change within a healthcare organization? (Select all that apply)
A. Continued support and engagement from key stakeholders.
B. Alignment of the project goals with the organizational strategic mission.
C. Integration of the new protocol into the electronic health record (EHR).
D. Providing one-time training sessions only at the start of the project.
E. Regular monitoring of outcomes and providing feedback to the staff.
F. Ensuring the project has a permanent budget allocation for necessary resources.
, Correct Answer: A, B, C, E, F
Explanation: Sustainability requires ongoing commitment from leadership and frontline
staff to prevent the practice from reverting to old habits. Integrating changes into the EHR
and organizational policies helps institutionalize the new workflow. Regular feedback and
resource allocation ensure that the intervention remains viable over the long term.
4. Which of the following describes the ‘Refreezing’ stage in Lewin’s Change Theory as it
applies to a nursing EBP project?
A. Stabilizing the change so that it becomes the new standard of care.
B. Executing the transition to the new evidence-based intervention.
C. Recognizing the need for change and preparing the staff for the new protocol.
D. Evaluating the literature to determine the best available evidence.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Refreezing is the final stage of Lewin’s Change Theory where the new
practice is integrated into the culture and standard operations of the unit. This stage
ensures the change is permanent and resistant to regression. Without successful refreezing,
staff may return to previous, less effective methods.
5. In a quantitative EBP project, what is the primary purpose of using a control group?
A. To ensure that all participants receive the new intervention.
B. To eliminate the need for an Institutional Review Board (IRB) review.
Project Capstone | Actual Q&A with Rationale
(NSG448 Exam 4) | Grand Canyon University
1. When evaluating the success of an Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) project, which of the
following best describes the difference between clinical significance and statistical
significance?
A. Statistical significance only applies to qualitative research designs, while clinical
significance applies to quantitative ones.
B. Clinical significance is determined by p-values, whereas statistical significance is
determined by qualitative interviews.
C. Statistical significance measures the reliability of the study results, while clinical
significance measures the practical importance of the findings to patient care.
D. There is no difference between the two; they are used interchangeably in the evaluation
of project outcomes.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Statistical significance indicates whether the observed effect is likely due to
chance, often determined by a p-value less than 0.05. Clinical significance refers to the
impact of the intervention on patient outcomes and whether the change is meaningful in a
real-world healthcare setting. Evaluating both is essential to ensure that an intervention is
not just mathematically valid but also beneficial to patients.
,2. A project lead is finalizing the EBP project report. According to the PICOT framework, which
component is essential for defining the parameters of the population being studied?
A. The intervention being implemented.
B. The timeframe required for the outcome to be achieved.
C. The comparison group receiving standard care.
D. The specific patient demographic or problem.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The ‘P’ in PICOT stands for the Patient, Population, or Problem being
addressed. This component defines who the study is about and the specific health issues
they face. Clearly defining this allows for more accurate data collection and application of
evidence.
3. Which factors are considered critical for ensuring the sustainability of a newly
implemented EBP change within a healthcare organization? (Select all that apply)
A. Continued support and engagement from key stakeholders.
B. Alignment of the project goals with the organizational strategic mission.
C. Integration of the new protocol into the electronic health record (EHR).
D. Providing one-time training sessions only at the start of the project.
E. Regular monitoring of outcomes and providing feedback to the staff.
F. Ensuring the project has a permanent budget allocation for necessary resources.
, Correct Answer: A, B, C, E, F
Explanation: Sustainability requires ongoing commitment from leadership and frontline
staff to prevent the practice from reverting to old habits. Integrating changes into the EHR
and organizational policies helps institutionalize the new workflow. Regular feedback and
resource allocation ensure that the intervention remains viable over the long term.
4. Which of the following describes the ‘Refreezing’ stage in Lewin’s Change Theory as it
applies to a nursing EBP project?
A. Stabilizing the change so that it becomes the new standard of care.
B. Executing the transition to the new evidence-based intervention.
C. Recognizing the need for change and preparing the staff for the new protocol.
D. Evaluating the literature to determine the best available evidence.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Refreezing is the final stage of Lewin’s Change Theory where the new
practice is integrated into the culture and standard operations of the unit. This stage
ensures the change is permanent and resistant to regression. Without successful refreezing,
staff may return to previous, less effective methods.
5. In a quantitative EBP project, what is the primary purpose of using a control group?
A. To ensure that all participants receive the new intervention.
B. To eliminate the need for an Institutional Review Board (IRB) review.
