NSG 448 Exam 3 V1 | NSG 448 Evidence-Based
Project Capstone | Actual Q&A with Rationale
(NSG448 Exam 3) | Grand Canyon University
1. Which of the following are recognized methods for the internal dissemination of evidence-
based practice project results within a healthcare organization? (Select all that apply)
A. Presenting at a departmental staff meeting
B. Posting a summary on the hospital’s intranet portal
C. Submitting a manuscript to the Journal of Advanced Nursing
D. Creating a poster for a local unit bulletin board
E. Distributing information via the facility’s newsletter
F. Presenting a keynote at a national conference
Correct Answer: A, B, D, E
Explanation: Internal dissemination focuses on sharing findings within the immediate
organization to impact local practice. Options A, B, D, and E are all local strategies that
target colleagues and administrators within the system. Options C and F represent external
dissemination, which targets the broader scientific community beyond the local institution.
Effective internal sharing ensures that stakeholders remain informed and the project gains
organizational support for sustainability.
,2. What is the primary purpose of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) in the context of an
EBP project?
A. To ensure the project is statistically significant
B. To provide funding for the clinical project
C. To protect the rights and welfare of human subjects
D. To ensure the project adheres to the hospital’s branding guidelines
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The IRB’s fundamental mission is the ethical oversight of research and
evidence-based projects involving human participants. They review protocols to ensure
that risks to subjects are minimized and that informed consent is appropriate. While EBP is
different from research, many institutions require IRB review to determine if the project
qualifies as quality improvement or human subject research.
3. In the PICOT format for developing a clinical question, what does the ‘T’ represent?
A. Teamwork
B. Timeframe
C. Treatment
D. Technology
Correct Answer: B
, Explanation: The ‘T’ in PICOT stands for Time, which specifies the duration over which the
outcome is measured or the intervention occurs. Defining a timeframe helps in focusing the
search and setting expectations for data collection. This clarity is essential for determining
if a project is feasible within the allotted clinical rotation or fiscal year.
4. Which level of evidence is generally considered the ‘gold standard’ in clinical decision-
making?
A. Systematic reviews of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)
B. Case-control studies
C. Expert opinion
D. Single descriptive studies
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Level 1 evidence, which includes systematic reviews and meta-analyses of
RCTs, provides the highest level of rigor and reduces bias. By synthesizing multiple high-
quality studies, these reviews offer the most reliable foundation for practice changes.
Lower levels, such as expert opinion, provide valuable context but lack the empirical
weight of randomized trials.
5. A nurse is evaluating the sustainability of a new hand-washing protocol. Which factors
most influence the long-term adoption of this change? (Select all that apply)
A. Support from nurse managers and leadership
B. Alignment with the organizational mission
Project Capstone | Actual Q&A with Rationale
(NSG448 Exam 3) | Grand Canyon University
1. Which of the following are recognized methods for the internal dissemination of evidence-
based practice project results within a healthcare organization? (Select all that apply)
A. Presenting at a departmental staff meeting
B. Posting a summary on the hospital’s intranet portal
C. Submitting a manuscript to the Journal of Advanced Nursing
D. Creating a poster for a local unit bulletin board
E. Distributing information via the facility’s newsletter
F. Presenting a keynote at a national conference
Correct Answer: A, B, D, E
Explanation: Internal dissemination focuses on sharing findings within the immediate
organization to impact local practice. Options A, B, D, and E are all local strategies that
target colleagues and administrators within the system. Options C and F represent external
dissemination, which targets the broader scientific community beyond the local institution.
Effective internal sharing ensures that stakeholders remain informed and the project gains
organizational support for sustainability.
,2. What is the primary purpose of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) in the context of an
EBP project?
A. To ensure the project is statistically significant
B. To provide funding for the clinical project
C. To protect the rights and welfare of human subjects
D. To ensure the project adheres to the hospital’s branding guidelines
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The IRB’s fundamental mission is the ethical oversight of research and
evidence-based projects involving human participants. They review protocols to ensure
that risks to subjects are minimized and that informed consent is appropriate. While EBP is
different from research, many institutions require IRB review to determine if the project
qualifies as quality improvement or human subject research.
3. In the PICOT format for developing a clinical question, what does the ‘T’ represent?
A. Teamwork
B. Timeframe
C. Treatment
D. Technology
Correct Answer: B
, Explanation: The ‘T’ in PICOT stands for Time, which specifies the duration over which the
outcome is measured or the intervention occurs. Defining a timeframe helps in focusing the
search and setting expectations for data collection. This clarity is essential for determining
if a project is feasible within the allotted clinical rotation or fiscal year.
4. Which level of evidence is generally considered the ‘gold standard’ in clinical decision-
making?
A. Systematic reviews of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)
B. Case-control studies
C. Expert opinion
D. Single descriptive studies
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Level 1 evidence, which includes systematic reviews and meta-analyses of
RCTs, provides the highest level of rigor and reduces bias. By synthesizing multiple high-
quality studies, these reviews offer the most reliable foundation for practice changes.
Lower levels, such as expert opinion, provide valuable context but lack the empirical
weight of randomized trials.
5. A nurse is evaluating the sustainability of a new hand-washing protocol. Which factors
most influence the long-term adoption of this change? (Select all that apply)
A. Support from nurse managers and leadership
B. Alignment with the organizational mission
