NSG 448 Exam 2 V3 | NSG 448 Evidence-Based
Project Capstone | Actual Q&A with Rationale
(NSG448 Exam 2) | Grand Canyon University
1. When developing a PICOT question, what does the ‘T’ represent in the framework?
A. Treatment
B. Time
C. Test
D. Theory
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The ‘T’ in PICOT stands for Time, which refers to the duration required to
observe the outcome. This element is crucial for defining the scope of the study and
ensuring that the measurement period is appropriate for the intervention being assessed.
Including time helps clinicians understand when to evaluate the effectiveness of the change
in practice.
2. Which of the following research designs is considered the ‘Gold Standard’ or Level I
evidence in the hierarchy of evidence for intervention studies?
A. Qualitative Meta-synthesis
B. Single Quasi-experimental study
C. Systematic Reviews or Meta-analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)
,D. Expert Committee Reports
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs provide the highest level of
evidence because they synthesize findings from multiple high-quality studies to minimize
bias. Level I evidence is used to establish clinical guidelines and best practices in nursing
care. Other levels, such as expert opinion or single descriptive studies, carry a higher risk of
bias and lower generalizability.
3. Select all that apply: Which of the following are common qualitative research
methodologies? (Select All That Apply)
A. Phenomenology
B. Grounded Theory
C. Ethnography
D. Double-blind clinical trials
E. Correlation Analysis
F. Historical Research
Correct Answer: A, B, C, F
Explanation: Qualitative research focuses on human experience and social contexts, using
methods like phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and historical research.
Double-blind trials and correlation analysis are quantitative methods used to test
, hypotheses and measure relationships between variables. Understanding these distinctions
is vital for selecting the appropriate methodology for an evidence-based project.
4. A nurse researcher is evaluating a new screening tool for depression. The tool consistently
provides the same results when administered to the same patient under the same conditions.
This characteristic is known as:
A. Reliability
B. Validity
C. Sensitivity
D. Specificity
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Reliability refers to the consistency or stability of a measurement tool over
time and across different observers. A reliable tool ensures that findings are not due to
chance or external fluctuations in the measurement process. Reliability is a prerequisite for
validity, although a tool can be reliable without being valid.
5. During the implementation phase of an EBP project, who are the ‘stakeholders’?
A. Only the nursing staff on the unit
B. Anyone affected by or who can affect the project outcome
C. Administrators and financial officers
D. The patients receiving the care
Project Capstone | Actual Q&A with Rationale
(NSG448 Exam 2) | Grand Canyon University
1. When developing a PICOT question, what does the ‘T’ represent in the framework?
A. Treatment
B. Time
C. Test
D. Theory
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The ‘T’ in PICOT stands for Time, which refers to the duration required to
observe the outcome. This element is crucial for defining the scope of the study and
ensuring that the measurement period is appropriate for the intervention being assessed.
Including time helps clinicians understand when to evaluate the effectiveness of the change
in practice.
2. Which of the following research designs is considered the ‘Gold Standard’ or Level I
evidence in the hierarchy of evidence for intervention studies?
A. Qualitative Meta-synthesis
B. Single Quasi-experimental study
C. Systematic Reviews or Meta-analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)
,D. Expert Committee Reports
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs provide the highest level of
evidence because they synthesize findings from multiple high-quality studies to minimize
bias. Level I evidence is used to establish clinical guidelines and best practices in nursing
care. Other levels, such as expert opinion or single descriptive studies, carry a higher risk of
bias and lower generalizability.
3. Select all that apply: Which of the following are common qualitative research
methodologies? (Select All That Apply)
A. Phenomenology
B. Grounded Theory
C. Ethnography
D. Double-blind clinical trials
E. Correlation Analysis
F. Historical Research
Correct Answer: A, B, C, F
Explanation: Qualitative research focuses on human experience and social contexts, using
methods like phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and historical research.
Double-blind trials and correlation analysis are quantitative methods used to test
, hypotheses and measure relationships between variables. Understanding these distinctions
is vital for selecting the appropriate methodology for an evidence-based project.
4. A nurse researcher is evaluating a new screening tool for depression. The tool consistently
provides the same results when administered to the same patient under the same conditions.
This characteristic is known as:
A. Reliability
B. Validity
C. Sensitivity
D. Specificity
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Reliability refers to the consistency or stability of a measurement tool over
time and across different observers. A reliable tool ensures that findings are not due to
chance or external fluctuations in the measurement process. Reliability is a prerequisite for
validity, although a tool can be reliable without being valid.
5. During the implementation phase of an EBP project, who are the ‘stakeholders’?
A. Only the nursing staff on the unit
B. Anyone affected by or who can affect the project outcome
C. Administrators and financial officers
D. The patients receiving the care
