NSG 448 Exam 1 V1 | NSG 448 Evidence-Based
Project Capstone | Actual Q&A with Rationale
(NSG448 Exam 1) | Grand Canyon University
1. A nurse manager is planning to implement an evidence-based practice (EBP) change on the
unit. Which components represent the essential elements of EBP? (Select all that apply.)
A. Clinical expertise of the practitioner
B. Patient values and preferences
C. The most relevant and best research evidence
D. Traditional practices established by senior staff
E. Healthcare resources and clinical setting
Correct Answer: A, B, C, E
Explanation: Evidence-based practice is a problem-solving approach to clinical practice
that integrates the best evidence from well-designed studies with clinical expertise and
patient values. It also considers the resources available within the specific clinical setting to
ensure the intervention is feasible. Traditional practices are often challenged by EBP if they
are not supported by empirical data.
2. What is the primary purpose of the ‘P’ in a PICOT question?
A. To identify the specific intervention being tested
B. To define the population or problem of interest
,C. To determine the protocol of the research study
D. To outline the provider’s role in the study
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The ‘P’ in PICOT stands for Patient, Population, or Problem, which helps
narrow the focus of the clinical inquiry. By clearly defining the population, the researcher
ensures that the evidence gathered is applicable to the specific group being studied. This
step is critical for developing a searchable and answerable question that guides the
literature review.
3. In the hierarchy of evidence, which of the following is considered the highest level of
evidence for clinical decision-making?
A. Case-control studies
B. Systematic reviews or meta-analyses of RCTs
C. Expert opinion of respected authorities
D. Single descriptive or qualitative studies
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are at the top of the evidence
hierarchy because they synthesize findings from multiple high-quality randomized
controlled trials (RCTs). This synthesis provides a more robust and reliable conclusion than
any single study could offer alone. Clinicians use these summaries to make high-stakes
decisions regarding patient care protocols.
, 4. A nurse is conducting a literature search. Which database is specifically known as the
premier source for bibliographic coverage of nursing and allied health literature?
A. MEDLINE
B. PsycINFO
C. CINAHL
D. Cochrane Library
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) provides
the most comprehensive coverage of nursing journals and publications. It includes
specialized tools like CINAHL Subject Headings to help nurses find specific evidence related
to nursing interventions. While MEDLINE is vast, CINAHL is tailored specifically to the
needs of the nursing profession.
5. The nurse identifies a high rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) on
the unit. Which step of the EBP process should the nurse take next?
A. Implement a new cleaning protocol immediately
B. Cultivate a spirit of inquiry and ask a clinical question
C. Search for the best evidence in the literature
D. Disseminate the findings to the hospital board
Correct Answer: B
Project Capstone | Actual Q&A with Rationale
(NSG448 Exam 1) | Grand Canyon University
1. A nurse manager is planning to implement an evidence-based practice (EBP) change on the
unit. Which components represent the essential elements of EBP? (Select all that apply.)
A. Clinical expertise of the practitioner
B. Patient values and preferences
C. The most relevant and best research evidence
D. Traditional practices established by senior staff
E. Healthcare resources and clinical setting
Correct Answer: A, B, C, E
Explanation: Evidence-based practice is a problem-solving approach to clinical practice
that integrates the best evidence from well-designed studies with clinical expertise and
patient values. It also considers the resources available within the specific clinical setting to
ensure the intervention is feasible. Traditional practices are often challenged by EBP if they
are not supported by empirical data.
2. What is the primary purpose of the ‘P’ in a PICOT question?
A. To identify the specific intervention being tested
B. To define the population or problem of interest
,C. To determine the protocol of the research study
D. To outline the provider’s role in the study
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The ‘P’ in PICOT stands for Patient, Population, or Problem, which helps
narrow the focus of the clinical inquiry. By clearly defining the population, the researcher
ensures that the evidence gathered is applicable to the specific group being studied. This
step is critical for developing a searchable and answerable question that guides the
literature review.
3. In the hierarchy of evidence, which of the following is considered the highest level of
evidence for clinical decision-making?
A. Case-control studies
B. Systematic reviews or meta-analyses of RCTs
C. Expert opinion of respected authorities
D. Single descriptive or qualitative studies
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are at the top of the evidence
hierarchy because they synthesize findings from multiple high-quality randomized
controlled trials (RCTs). This synthesis provides a more robust and reliable conclusion than
any single study could offer alone. Clinicians use these summaries to make high-stakes
decisions regarding patient care protocols.
, 4. A nurse is conducting a literature search. Which database is specifically known as the
premier source for bibliographic coverage of nursing and allied health literature?
A. MEDLINE
B. PsycINFO
C. CINAHL
D. Cochrane Library
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) provides
the most comprehensive coverage of nursing journals and publications. It includes
specialized tools like CINAHL Subject Headings to help nurses find specific evidence related
to nursing interventions. While MEDLINE is vast, CINAHL is tailored specifically to the
needs of the nursing profession.
5. The nurse identifies a high rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) on
the unit. Which step of the EBP process should the nurse take next?
A. Implement a new cleaning protocol immediately
B. Cultivate a spirit of inquiry and ask a clinical question
C. Search for the best evidence in the literature
D. Disseminate the findings to the hospital board
Correct Answer: B
