NSG 448 Exam 3 V3 | NSG 448 Evidence-Based
Project Capstone | Actual Q&A with Rationale
(NSG448 Exam 3) | Grand Canyon University
1. During the implementation phase of an evidence-based practice (EBP) project, which of the
following are considered common barriers to change within a healthcare organization?
(Select All That Apply)
A. Lack of time to read research and implement changes
B. Inadequate support from nursing administration
C. Resistance from staff members comfortable with traditional methods
D. Strong organizational culture of inquiry
E. Limited access to resources or library databases
F. Alignment of project goals with the hospital mission
Correct Answer: A, B, C, E
Explanation: Barriers to EBP often include organizational factors such as limited time and
resources, as well as individual factors like resistance to change. Administrative support is
crucial for allocating the necessary tools and personnel to ensure project success.
Identifying these hurdles early allows the project lead to develop mitigation strategies
during the planning phase.
,2. According to Lewin’s Change Theory, which stage involves the process of stabilizing a new
practice after it has been implemented to ensure it becomes the standard of care?
A. Unfreezing
B. Moving
C. Transitioning
D. Refreezing
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Refreezing is the final stage of Lewin’s model where the new change is
integrated into the organizational culture. This stage is essential for preventing staff from
reverting to old, less effective habits. It involves creating policies and providing ongoing
reinforcement to sustain the evidence-based intervention.
3. What is the primary purpose of conducting a pilot study during the evidence-based practice
process?
A. To test the feasibility of the project on a smaller scale before full implementation
B. To generate definitive proof that the intervention works for all populations
C. To fulfill the requirement for IRB approval regardless of project scope
D. To eliminate the need for data collection during the final evaluation phase
Correct Answer: A
, Explanation: A pilot study allows the project team to identify potential flaws in the
implementation plan and adjust workflows accordingly. It provides a ‘trial run’ to evaluate
the resources required and the response of a small group of stakeholders. Successful pilot
outcomes increase confidence and support for a wider rollout within the facility.
4. When evaluating the outcomes of an EBP project, what is the significance of distinguishing
between statistical significance and clinical significance?
A. Clinical significance is only relevant in qualitative research designs.
B. Statistical significance measures the mathematical probability, while clinical significance
measures the impact on patient care.
C. Statistical significance is always more important than clinical significance for policy
change.
D. There is no meaningful difference between the two terms in a capstone project.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Statistical significance indicates that the results are unlikely to have occurred
by chance, usually denoted by a p-value less than 0.05. Clinical significance refers to the
practical importance of the treatment effect on the patient’s health status or the healthcare
system. An intervention can be statistically significant but have such a small effect size that
it does not warrant a change in clinical practice.
Project Capstone | Actual Q&A with Rationale
(NSG448 Exam 3) | Grand Canyon University
1. During the implementation phase of an evidence-based practice (EBP) project, which of the
following are considered common barriers to change within a healthcare organization?
(Select All That Apply)
A. Lack of time to read research and implement changes
B. Inadequate support from nursing administration
C. Resistance from staff members comfortable with traditional methods
D. Strong organizational culture of inquiry
E. Limited access to resources or library databases
F. Alignment of project goals with the hospital mission
Correct Answer: A, B, C, E
Explanation: Barriers to EBP often include organizational factors such as limited time and
resources, as well as individual factors like resistance to change. Administrative support is
crucial for allocating the necessary tools and personnel to ensure project success.
Identifying these hurdles early allows the project lead to develop mitigation strategies
during the planning phase.
,2. According to Lewin’s Change Theory, which stage involves the process of stabilizing a new
practice after it has been implemented to ensure it becomes the standard of care?
A. Unfreezing
B. Moving
C. Transitioning
D. Refreezing
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Refreezing is the final stage of Lewin’s model where the new change is
integrated into the organizational culture. This stage is essential for preventing staff from
reverting to old, less effective habits. It involves creating policies and providing ongoing
reinforcement to sustain the evidence-based intervention.
3. What is the primary purpose of conducting a pilot study during the evidence-based practice
process?
A. To test the feasibility of the project on a smaller scale before full implementation
B. To generate definitive proof that the intervention works for all populations
C. To fulfill the requirement for IRB approval regardless of project scope
D. To eliminate the need for data collection during the final evaluation phase
Correct Answer: A
, Explanation: A pilot study allows the project team to identify potential flaws in the
implementation plan and adjust workflows accordingly. It provides a ‘trial run’ to evaluate
the resources required and the response of a small group of stakeholders. Successful pilot
outcomes increase confidence and support for a wider rollout within the facility.
4. When evaluating the outcomes of an EBP project, what is the significance of distinguishing
between statistical significance and clinical significance?
A. Clinical significance is only relevant in qualitative research designs.
B. Statistical significance measures the mathematical probability, while clinical significance
measures the impact on patient care.
C. Statistical significance is always more important than clinical significance for policy
change.
D. There is no meaningful difference between the two terms in a capstone project.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Statistical significance indicates that the results are unlikely to have occurred
by chance, usually denoted by a p-value less than 0.05. Clinical significance refers to the
practical importance of the treatment effect on the patient’s health status or the healthcare
system. An intervention can be statistically significant but have such a small effect size that
it does not warrant a change in clinical practice.
