NSG 448 Exam 3 V2 | NSG 448 Evidence-Based
Project Capstone | Actual Q&A with Rationale
(NSG448 Exam 3) | Grand Canyon University
1. When developing a PICOT question, what does the ‘T’ specifically represent in the context
of an evidence-based practice project?
A. The target population for the study
B. The total number of participants recruited
C. The theoretical framework used for the project
D. The timeframe needed to implement and evaluate the change
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The ‘T’ in PICOT stands for Time, which defines the period over which the
intervention’s effect will be observed or the duration of the study. This component helps
provide context to the scope of the project and allows for measurable evaluation within a
set timeframe. Without a defined time component, it is difficult to determine if the
outcomes achieved were timely or sustained.
2. Which of the following are considered ‘barriers’ to the successful implementation of an
evidence-based project in a clinical setting? Select all that apply.
A. Lack of administrative support
B. Resistance from staff nurses
,C. Inadequate access to current research databases
D. Sufficient financial resources
E. Limited time to review and implement evidence
F. Positive organizational culture
Correct Answer: A, B, C, E
Explanation: Barriers to EBP often include organizational factors like lack of support, time
constraints, and individual factors like resistance to change or lack of knowledge.
Identifying these barriers early in the project planning phase is essential for developing
mitigation strategies. Effective leadership and resource allocation are necessary to
overcome these hurdles and ensure project success.
3. A nurse is evaluating the strength of evidence for a new clinical protocol. Which level of
evidence is generally considered the most reliable in the hierarchy of evidence?
A. Case reports and case series
B. Expert opinion and consensus statements
C. Single descriptive or qualitative studies
D. Systematic reviews or meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses occupy the top of the evidence
hierarchy because they synthesize the results of multiple high-quality studies. This
, synthesis provides a more robust and comprehensive basis for clinical decision-making
than single studies. By reducing bias and increasing statistical power, these reviews offer
the strongest level of support for practice changes.
4. In the Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice, what is the first step when a nurse identifies
a potential area for practice improvement?
A. Formulate a PICOT question
B. Implement a pilot study
C. Conduct a literature search
D. Identify a trigger (problem-focused or knowledge-focused)
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The Iowa Model begins with a trigger, which can be a problem identified in
clinical practice or new knowledge that suggests a need for change. Triggers serve as the
catalyst for the entire EBP process, guiding the team toward relevant evidence. Once a
trigger is identified, the organization evaluates its priority relative to other institutional
goals.
5. Which of the following are essential components of an informed consent document for a
project involving human subjects? Select all that apply.
A. A description of the potential risks and benefits
B. A statement that participation is voluntary
C. Guarantee of a specific medical outcome
Project Capstone | Actual Q&A with Rationale
(NSG448 Exam 3) | Grand Canyon University
1. When developing a PICOT question, what does the ‘T’ specifically represent in the context
of an evidence-based practice project?
A. The target population for the study
B. The total number of participants recruited
C. The theoretical framework used for the project
D. The timeframe needed to implement and evaluate the change
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The ‘T’ in PICOT stands for Time, which defines the period over which the
intervention’s effect will be observed or the duration of the study. This component helps
provide context to the scope of the project and allows for measurable evaluation within a
set timeframe. Without a defined time component, it is difficult to determine if the
outcomes achieved were timely or sustained.
2. Which of the following are considered ‘barriers’ to the successful implementation of an
evidence-based project in a clinical setting? Select all that apply.
A. Lack of administrative support
B. Resistance from staff nurses
,C. Inadequate access to current research databases
D. Sufficient financial resources
E. Limited time to review and implement evidence
F. Positive organizational culture
Correct Answer: A, B, C, E
Explanation: Barriers to EBP often include organizational factors like lack of support, time
constraints, and individual factors like resistance to change or lack of knowledge.
Identifying these barriers early in the project planning phase is essential for developing
mitigation strategies. Effective leadership and resource allocation are necessary to
overcome these hurdles and ensure project success.
3. A nurse is evaluating the strength of evidence for a new clinical protocol. Which level of
evidence is generally considered the most reliable in the hierarchy of evidence?
A. Case reports and case series
B. Expert opinion and consensus statements
C. Single descriptive or qualitative studies
D. Systematic reviews or meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses occupy the top of the evidence
hierarchy because they synthesize the results of multiple high-quality studies. This
, synthesis provides a more robust and comprehensive basis for clinical decision-making
than single studies. By reducing bias and increasing statistical power, these reviews offer
the strongest level of support for practice changes.
4. In the Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice, what is the first step when a nurse identifies
a potential area for practice improvement?
A. Formulate a PICOT question
B. Implement a pilot study
C. Conduct a literature search
D. Identify a trigger (problem-focused or knowledge-focused)
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The Iowa Model begins with a trigger, which can be a problem identified in
clinical practice or new knowledge that suggests a need for change. Triggers serve as the
catalyst for the entire EBP process, guiding the team toward relevant evidence. Once a
trigger is identified, the organization evaluates its priority relative to other institutional
goals.
5. Which of the following are essential components of an informed consent document for a
project involving human subjects? Select all that apply.
A. A description of the potential risks and benefits
B. A statement that participation is voluntary
C. Guarantee of a specific medical outcome
