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1. Florence Nightingale First nurse epidemiologist who connected poor sanitation with cholera
and dysentery.
2. Mary Nutting Contributed to moving nursing education into universities.
3. Clara Barton Founded the American Red Cross.
4. Lillian Wald Helped open the Henry Street Settlement.
5. Planning Involves developing a plan with strategies to attain expected outcomes.
6. Novice A beginning nurse with no previous experience in a specific area.
7. Proficient Nurse who can assess a situation as a whole and transfer knowledge
from previous experiences.
8. Competent Nurse who understands specific care required by different types of
patients.
9. Advanced beginner Nurse with some observational experience in a situation.
10. Autonomy Initiating independent nursing interventions without medical orders.
11. Licensure Requirement to pass the NCLEX-RN to practice as a registered nurse.
12. Certification Optional process to specialize in a specific area of nursing practice.
13. Accountability Being responsible, professionally and legally, for the quality of nursing
care provided.
14. Manager Coordinates nursing staff activities with personnel, policy, and bud-
getary responsibilities.
15. Doctor of Philosophy de- Prepares nurses for rigorous research and theory development.
gree (PhD)
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16. Doctor of Nursing Prac- Practice doctorate preparing advanced practice nurses.
tice degree (DNP)
17. Continuing education Formal educational programs offered post-baccalaureate by various
institutions.
18. Quality improvement Identifying gaps between local and best practices.
19. Safety One of the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) competen-
cies.
20. Patient-centered care Focusing on individual patient needs and preferences.
21. Educator Explains health concepts, demonstrates procedures, and evaluates pa-
tient progress.
22. Advocate Protects patient rights and provides assistance in asserting these rights.
23. Caregiver Helps patients maintain health, manage disease, and attain indepen-
dence.
24. Inservice education Instruction or training provided by a health care facility or institution.
25. Teamwork and collabo- Enables effective functioning within nursing and interprofessional
ration teams through open communication and shared decision making.
26. Compassion fatigue Describes a state of burnout and secondary traumatic stress resulting
from exposure to grief and loss.
27. Patient advocate Protects patient's human and legal rights, ensuring understanding of
procedures before signing permits.
28. Nurse-midwifery Involves independent care for women during pregnancy, labor, delivery,
and care for the newborn.
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