Anatomy and Physiology Exam Practice Test – Study Guide, Practice Questions, Exam Review & Comprehensive Test Preparation

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homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER-body's maintenance of a stable environment

receptors - CORRECT ANSWER-molecule or cell that provides information about the
environment

control center (and set point) - CORRECT ANSWER-indicates correct value (e.g. body
temp)

effectors - CORRECT ANSWER-What elicits a response that alters conditions within the
body's internal environment. (e.g. muscles and glands)

negative feedback - CORRECT ANSWER-When receptors measure deviations from the
set point, effectors are activated and conditions are returned toward the set point and
effectors gradually shut off. This movement toward homeostasis and balance is called
.........

positive feedback - CORRECT ANSWER-Homeostatic mechanisms that function when
changes byeffectors move the body away from normal conditions, causing more
changes, is called...... (examples are blood clotting and labor contractions)

organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism - CORRECT ANSWER-
Levels of organization

organelle - CORRECT ANSWER-Cell components that perform a specific function

cells - CORRECT ANSWER-Basic unit of structure and function

tissues - CORRECT ANSWER-Groups of cells organized into layers or masses that
have specific functions

organs - CORRECT ANSWER-Structures that perform a specialized function
(comprised of tissues)

Organ systems - CORRECT ANSWER-Groups of organs that function together closely

Organism - CORRECT ANSWER-Comprised of an interacting organ system

superior - CORRECT ANSWER-above, or closer to the head

inferior - CORRECT ANSWER-below, or closer to the feet

Anterior (Ventral) - CORRECT ANSWER-Toward the front

Posterior (Dorsal) - CORRECT ANSWER-Toward the back

medial - CORRECT ANSWER-Toward the midline




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lateral - CORRECT ANSWER-Away from the midline (closer to the sides)

Median (saggital) plane - CORRECT ANSWER-Imaginary vertical line dividing the body
into right and left portions

Coronal/Frontal plane - CORRECT ANSWER-Imaginary vertical line dividing the body
into anterior and posterior portions

Transverse (cross-sectional) - CORRECT ANSWER-Imaginary horizontal line dividing
the body into superior and inferior

Dorsal cavities (near the back) - CORRECT ANSWER-Cranial and spinal cavity

Cranial cavity - CORRECT ANSWER-Cavity that contains the brain

Spinal cavity (vertebral) - CORRECT ANSWER-Cavity that contains the spinal cord and
vertebrae

orbits, nasal, oral, thoracic, mediastinum, pericardial, pleural, and abdominopelvic
(peritoneal) - CORRECT ANSWER-Ventral cavities (near the front of the body)

orbits - CORRECT ANSWER-Cavity that contains the eyes and associated skeletal
muscles and nerves

Nasal cavity - CORRECT ANSWER-Cavity that is divided into right and left portions by
the nasal septum; air-filled sphenoid and frontal sinuses

Oral cavity - CORRECT ANSWER-Cavity that contains the teeth and tongue

thoracic cavity - CORRECT ANSWER-Cavity that contains the lungs (chest cavity)

Mediastinum - CORRECT ANSWER-Space between the lungs that contains the heart,
esophagus, trachea, and thymus

Pericardial cavity - CORRECT ANSWER-Potential space between the visceral
pericardium and the parietal pericardium

middle ear cavities - CORRECT ANSWER-Cavity containing the incus, malleus, stapes

Pleural cavities (lungs) - CORRECT ANSWER-Cavities (right and left) that are the
potential space between the parietal and visceral pleural membranes

Abdominopelvic cavity - CORRECT ANSWER-Cavity that extends from the diaphragm
to the floor of the pelvis; includes stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, small and large
intestines, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs




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