HEALTH SERVICES FOR
VULNERABLE
POPULATIONS & LONG-
TERM CARE
Examination for 2026–2027 Academic Year
Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question. Correct answers are bolded,
with rationale provided beneath each item.
Section 1: Health Financing and Vulnerable Populations
1. Under the 2026 amendments to Kenya's Health Tariffs, what is the new annual
support ceiling for chronic cancer care per beneficiary under the Emergency,
Chronic and Critical Illness Fund?
A. KES 150,000
B. KES 250,000
C. KES 400,000
D. KES 800,000
Rationale: The Cabinet Secretary for Health tabled amendments in June 2026 that
increased annual support for chronic cancer care from KES 150,000 to KES 400,000 per
beneficiary. When combined with Social Health Insurance Fund benefits, eligible patients
could access up to KES 800,000 in total coverage .
,2. Which population group is explicitly identified as facing "inequity in health
access" due to the absence of targeted care units in public and private health
facilities in Kenya?
A. Refugees in Garissa and Turkana
B. Older persons
C. Adolescents in Mombasa
D. Pastoralist communities in Samburu
Rationale: Kenya's Healthy Ageing and Older Persons Health Strategy identifies that
there are "no targeted care of older persons units in public and private health facilities,"
underscoring inequity in health access by older people .
3. The BREHS Project (Building Resilient and Responsive Health Systems)
prioritises Reproductive, Maternal, Neonatal, Child and Adolescent Health
(RMNCA) in how many high-priority counties?
A. 5
B. 7
C. 10
D. 18
Rationale: The BREHS Project focuses on ten high-priority counties: Kilifi, Kwale, Narok,
Homa Bay, West Pokot, Wajir, Mandera, Garissa, Turkana, and Tana River .
Section 2: Long-Term Care and Ageing
4. According to NCPD projections, what is the expected size of Kenya's older
population by 2050?
A. 3.6 million
B. 6 million
C. 12 million
D. 25 million
,Rationale: The National Council for Population and Development reported that Kenya's
older persons population is projected to increase from 3.6 million in 2025 to
approximately 12 million by 2050 .
5. The Kenya National Care Policy identifies which framework for decent care work
under the International Labour Organization?
A. Provide, Protect, Promote, Partner, Perform
B. Recognize, Reduce, Redistribute, Reward, Represent
C. Assess, Assist, Advocate, Advance, Achieve
D. Finance, Formalise, Facilitate, Foster, Follow-up
Rationale: The Kenya National Care Policy (2025) recognises unpaid care work,
including eldercare, as a vital economic activity under the ILO's framework for decent
care work: Recognize, Reduce, Redistribute, Reward, and Represent .
6. What is the WHO definition of an "older person" as referenced in Kenya's
ageing policy frameworks?
A. 55 years and above
B. 60 years and above
C. 65 years and above
D. 70 years and above
Rationale: The UN and WHO define an older person as someone aged 60 years and
above, a definition used consistently in Kenya's National Policy on Older Persons and
Ageing .
7. Which of the following is identified as a key barrier to healthy ageing in Kenya's
national strategy?
A. Ageism at all levels of the health system
B. Excessive government funding for geriatric care
, C. Overabundance of trained geriatricians
D. Strong traditional family care structures
Rationale: The Healthy Ageing and Older Persons Health Strategy identifies ageism as
"prevalent at all levels of the health systems" and "a major barrier to achieving healthy
ageing goals" .
Section 3: Community-Based and Home-Based Care
8. According to principles of home-based care (HBC), which of the following is an
advantage for the patient?
A. Reduced contact with family members
B. Care in a familiar environment with less stress and anxiety
C. Increased exposure to hospital-acquired infections
D. Greater isolation from community decision-making
Rationale: HBC enables patients to be cared for in a familiar environment where they
typically suffer less stress and anxiety, continue participating in family matters, and
experience a sense of belonging .
9. What proportion of unpaid care work globally would amount to approximately
9% of GDP if monetised, according to ILO estimates?
A. One-quarter
B. One-third
C. Half
D. Most of it carried out by women
Rationale: The ILO estimates that unpaid care work, most of it carried out by women,
would amount to 9% of GDP if monetised. In Kenya, the economic and social costs are
magnified due to informal sector dominance .
VULNERABLE
POPULATIONS & LONG-
TERM CARE
Examination for 2026–2027 Academic Year
Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question. Correct answers are bolded,
with rationale provided beneath each item.
Section 1: Health Financing and Vulnerable Populations
1. Under the 2026 amendments to Kenya's Health Tariffs, what is the new annual
support ceiling for chronic cancer care per beneficiary under the Emergency,
Chronic and Critical Illness Fund?
A. KES 150,000
B. KES 250,000
C. KES 400,000
D. KES 800,000
Rationale: The Cabinet Secretary for Health tabled amendments in June 2026 that
increased annual support for chronic cancer care from KES 150,000 to KES 400,000 per
beneficiary. When combined with Social Health Insurance Fund benefits, eligible patients
could access up to KES 800,000 in total coverage .
,2. Which population group is explicitly identified as facing "inequity in health
access" due to the absence of targeted care units in public and private health
facilities in Kenya?
A. Refugees in Garissa and Turkana
B. Older persons
C. Adolescents in Mombasa
D. Pastoralist communities in Samburu
Rationale: Kenya's Healthy Ageing and Older Persons Health Strategy identifies that
there are "no targeted care of older persons units in public and private health facilities,"
underscoring inequity in health access by older people .
3. The BREHS Project (Building Resilient and Responsive Health Systems)
prioritises Reproductive, Maternal, Neonatal, Child and Adolescent Health
(RMNCA) in how many high-priority counties?
A. 5
B. 7
C. 10
D. 18
Rationale: The BREHS Project focuses on ten high-priority counties: Kilifi, Kwale, Narok,
Homa Bay, West Pokot, Wajir, Mandera, Garissa, Turkana, and Tana River .
Section 2: Long-Term Care and Ageing
4. According to NCPD projections, what is the expected size of Kenya's older
population by 2050?
A. 3.6 million
B. 6 million
C. 12 million
D. 25 million
,Rationale: The National Council for Population and Development reported that Kenya's
older persons population is projected to increase from 3.6 million in 2025 to
approximately 12 million by 2050 .
5. The Kenya National Care Policy identifies which framework for decent care work
under the International Labour Organization?
A. Provide, Protect, Promote, Partner, Perform
B. Recognize, Reduce, Redistribute, Reward, Represent
C. Assess, Assist, Advocate, Advance, Achieve
D. Finance, Formalise, Facilitate, Foster, Follow-up
Rationale: The Kenya National Care Policy (2025) recognises unpaid care work,
including eldercare, as a vital economic activity under the ILO's framework for decent
care work: Recognize, Reduce, Redistribute, Reward, and Represent .
6. What is the WHO definition of an "older person" as referenced in Kenya's
ageing policy frameworks?
A. 55 years and above
B. 60 years and above
C. 65 years and above
D. 70 years and above
Rationale: The UN and WHO define an older person as someone aged 60 years and
above, a definition used consistently in Kenya's National Policy on Older Persons and
Ageing .
7. Which of the following is identified as a key barrier to healthy ageing in Kenya's
national strategy?
A. Ageism at all levels of the health system
B. Excessive government funding for geriatric care
, C. Overabundance of trained geriatricians
D. Strong traditional family care structures
Rationale: The Healthy Ageing and Older Persons Health Strategy identifies ageism as
"prevalent at all levels of the health systems" and "a major barrier to achieving healthy
ageing goals" .
Section 3: Community-Based and Home-Based Care
8. According to principles of home-based care (HBC), which of the following is an
advantage for the patient?
A. Reduced contact with family members
B. Care in a familiar environment with less stress and anxiety
C. Increased exposure to hospital-acquired infections
D. Greater isolation from community decision-making
Rationale: HBC enables patients to be cared for in a familiar environment where they
typically suffer less stress and anxiety, continue participating in family matters, and
experience a sense of belonging .
9. What proportion of unpaid care work globally would amount to approximately
9% of GDP if monetised, according to ILO estimates?
A. One-quarter
B. One-third
C. Half
D. Most of it carried out by women
Rationale: The ILO estimates that unpaid care work, most of it carried out by women,
would amount to 9% of GDP if monetised. In Kenya, the economic and social costs are
magnified due to informal sector dominance .
