NR 412 Exam 1
What is the total body water (TBW) per body weight in infants? - correct answer
✔ ✔ 75-80%
What is the total body water (TBW) per body weight in adult males? - correct
answer ✔ ✔ 60%
What is the total body water (TBW) per body weight in adult females? - correct
answer ✔ ✔ 50%
What is the total body water (TBW) per body weight in obese adults? Why? -
correct answer ✔ ✔ 30-40% because of the increase in adipose tissue, and
decrease in muscle mass in obese people
What is the total body water (TBW) per body weight in elderly adults? Why? -
correct answer ✔ ✔ 45% because they have a decrease in muscle mass and
decreased thirst mechanism in hypothalamus
,List some functions of body fluids - correct answer ✔ ✔ -Maintain blood
volume
-Regulate body temperature
-Transport material to and from cells
-Serves as an aqueous medium for cellular metabolism
-Assists with food digestion
-Serves as a medium for excreting waste
Intracellular fluid (ICF) - correct answer ✔ ✔ -Fluid within the cells
-2/3 of body fluid is found within the cells
Extracellular fluid (ECF) - correct answer ✔ ✔ -Interstitial - fluid between the
cells
-Intravascular - vessels, blood
-Transcellular - specialized fluids such as synovial fluid, cerebrospinal fluid,
digestive juices, peritoneal fluid, pleural fluid...
The 2 types of movement of fluids/electrolytes - correct answer ✔ ✔ -Passive
transport
-Active transport
Passive transport - correct answer ✔ ✔ No energy is expended to move
substances. There are 3 different types of passive transport; diffusion, osmosis, and
filtration.
,Active transport - correct answer ✔ ✔ ATP is required to move substances
from a low concentration to a high concentration.
Diffusion - correct answer ✔ ✔ The passive movement of solute molecules
through a permeable membrane from [high] to [low]
Solute - correct answer ✔ ✔ The particles dissolved in the solution
Solvent - correct answer ✔ ✔ The liquid substance that contains the solute
Osmosis - correct answer ✔ ✔ The movement of water across a permeable
membrane from low concentration of solute to high concentration of solute
Osmolarity - correct answer ✔ ✔ The total concentration of all solute particles
in a solution. Osmolarity is classified as;
-Hypotonic
-Hypertonic
-Isotonic
Hypertonic solution - correct answer ✔ ✔ A solution in which the
concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution.
Meaning there is more "salt" in the solution than in the RBC so water will leave
RBC and they will crenate.
, Hypotonic solution - correct answer ✔ ✔ A solution in which the concentration
of solutes is less than that of the cell that resides in the solution. Meaning there is
more "salt" inside the RBC so water will enter the RBC and they will lyse.
Filtration - correct answer ✔ ✔ Movement of both water and small molecules
through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high pressure to low
pressure.
Filtration occurs due to hydrostatic pressure balanced with osmotic pressure.
Hydrostatic Pressure - correct answer ✔ ✔ -Pressure exerted by a fluid within a
closed system
-Force of the weight of water molecules pressing against confining walls
-Moves from high pressure to low pressure
Osmotic Pressure - correct answer ✔ ✔ -The power of a solution to draw water
-A highly concentrated solution draws water
-For example an artery has high pressure that travels by cells and "bathes" them,
then at the venous side fluid is drawn back into the artery via osmotic pressure.
What structure regulates thirst in the body? - correct answer ✔ ✔
Hypothalamus - it tests the tonicity of the blood and decides if we need more
water or not
Fluid output come from what 4 main organs? - correct answer ✔ ✔ -Kidneys:
urination
What is the total body water (TBW) per body weight in infants? - correct answer
✔ ✔ 75-80%
What is the total body water (TBW) per body weight in adult males? - correct
answer ✔ ✔ 60%
What is the total body water (TBW) per body weight in adult females? - correct
answer ✔ ✔ 50%
What is the total body water (TBW) per body weight in obese adults? Why? -
correct answer ✔ ✔ 30-40% because of the increase in adipose tissue, and
decrease in muscle mass in obese people
What is the total body water (TBW) per body weight in elderly adults? Why? -
correct answer ✔ ✔ 45% because they have a decrease in muscle mass and
decreased thirst mechanism in hypothalamus
,List some functions of body fluids - correct answer ✔ ✔ -Maintain blood
volume
-Regulate body temperature
-Transport material to and from cells
-Serves as an aqueous medium for cellular metabolism
-Assists with food digestion
-Serves as a medium for excreting waste
Intracellular fluid (ICF) - correct answer ✔ ✔ -Fluid within the cells
-2/3 of body fluid is found within the cells
Extracellular fluid (ECF) - correct answer ✔ ✔ -Interstitial - fluid between the
cells
-Intravascular - vessels, blood
-Transcellular - specialized fluids such as synovial fluid, cerebrospinal fluid,
digestive juices, peritoneal fluid, pleural fluid...
The 2 types of movement of fluids/electrolytes - correct answer ✔ ✔ -Passive
transport
-Active transport
Passive transport - correct answer ✔ ✔ No energy is expended to move
substances. There are 3 different types of passive transport; diffusion, osmosis, and
filtration.
,Active transport - correct answer ✔ ✔ ATP is required to move substances
from a low concentration to a high concentration.
Diffusion - correct answer ✔ ✔ The passive movement of solute molecules
through a permeable membrane from [high] to [low]
Solute - correct answer ✔ ✔ The particles dissolved in the solution
Solvent - correct answer ✔ ✔ The liquid substance that contains the solute
Osmosis - correct answer ✔ ✔ The movement of water across a permeable
membrane from low concentration of solute to high concentration of solute
Osmolarity - correct answer ✔ ✔ The total concentration of all solute particles
in a solution. Osmolarity is classified as;
-Hypotonic
-Hypertonic
-Isotonic
Hypertonic solution - correct answer ✔ ✔ A solution in which the
concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution.
Meaning there is more "salt" in the solution than in the RBC so water will leave
RBC and they will crenate.
, Hypotonic solution - correct answer ✔ ✔ A solution in which the concentration
of solutes is less than that of the cell that resides in the solution. Meaning there is
more "salt" inside the RBC so water will enter the RBC and they will lyse.
Filtration - correct answer ✔ ✔ Movement of both water and small molecules
through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high pressure to low
pressure.
Filtration occurs due to hydrostatic pressure balanced with osmotic pressure.
Hydrostatic Pressure - correct answer ✔ ✔ -Pressure exerted by a fluid within a
closed system
-Force of the weight of water molecules pressing against confining walls
-Moves from high pressure to low pressure
Osmotic Pressure - correct answer ✔ ✔ -The power of a solution to draw water
-A highly concentrated solution draws water
-For example an artery has high pressure that travels by cells and "bathes" them,
then at the venous side fluid is drawn back into the artery via osmotic pressure.
What structure regulates thirst in the body? - correct answer ✔ ✔
Hypothalamus - it tests the tonicity of the blood and decides if we need more
water or not
Fluid output come from what 4 main organs? - correct answer ✔ ✔ -Kidneys:
urination
