NR 412 Exam 2
Define acid-base balance - correct answer ✔ ✔ Normal Function of
body cells depend on regulation of acid-base balance
Delicate balance (homeostasis) between acids and bases
The Regulation of ___ is the key component of acid-base balance -
correct answer ✔ ✔ H+
-The pH of a fluid reflects the Hydrogen ion concentration of that fluid
normal pH of arterial blood - correct answer ✔ ✔ 7.35 - 7.45
There is a(n) ______ relationship between pH and H+ ion concentration
- correct answer ✔ ✔ inverse
,-The higher the H+ ion concentration, the lower the pH, and visa versa
acidosis - correct answer ✔ ✔ pH below 7.35
Excess acids
Base (bicarbonate) deficit
alkalosis - correct answer ✔ ✔ pH above 7.45
Excess bases (bicarbonate)
Acid deficit
incompatible pH w life - correct answer ✔ ✔ <6.8 and > 7.8
Three physiological mechanisms regulate balance by maintaining pH: -
correct answer ✔ ✔ 1. Chemical buffers
2. Respiratory System
-CO2
3. Kidneys
-HCO3
,chemical buffer systems - what do they do & 3 principle buffers - correct
answer ✔ ✔ Do not eliminate acids or bases from the body - they
minimize pH changes
React to minimize pH changes
Capacity of the buffer is limited
Hemostasis relies on the lungs and kidneys for true acid base
compensation
Three Principle Buffers:
1. Bicarbonate Buffer System
2. Transcellular Hydrogen-Potassium Exchange System
3. Protein Buffer System
Chemical Buffer System:
Transcellular Hydrogen/Potassium Exchange - correct answer ✔ ✔ -
Both H+ and K+ are positively charged
-Both H+ and K+ move freely between the ICF and ECF compartments
-When excess H+ is present in the intravascular space, it moves into the
ICF in exchange for K+
, -When excess K+ is present in the intravascular space, it moves into the
ICF in exchange for H+
respiratory system as buffer - correct answer ✔ ✔ Lungs are the
major organs of acid elimination
Lungs excrete carbonic acid in it's gaseous form (CO2)
As CO2 rises, acids ____and pH ____.
As CO2 falls, acids ___ and pH ____. - correct answer ✔ ✔ As CO2
rises, acids rise and pH falls
As CO2 falls, acids fall and pH rises
How do the lungs help to regulate CO2 levels? - correct answer ✔ ✔
Person has accumulation of CO2 -->
To regulate the acid-base balance, the body will increase ventilation -->
With increased ventilation, CO2 will be eliminated -->
Define acid-base balance - correct answer ✔ ✔ Normal Function of
body cells depend on regulation of acid-base balance
Delicate balance (homeostasis) between acids and bases
The Regulation of ___ is the key component of acid-base balance -
correct answer ✔ ✔ H+
-The pH of a fluid reflects the Hydrogen ion concentration of that fluid
normal pH of arterial blood - correct answer ✔ ✔ 7.35 - 7.45
There is a(n) ______ relationship between pH and H+ ion concentration
- correct answer ✔ ✔ inverse
,-The higher the H+ ion concentration, the lower the pH, and visa versa
acidosis - correct answer ✔ ✔ pH below 7.35
Excess acids
Base (bicarbonate) deficit
alkalosis - correct answer ✔ ✔ pH above 7.45
Excess bases (bicarbonate)
Acid deficit
incompatible pH w life - correct answer ✔ ✔ <6.8 and > 7.8
Three physiological mechanisms regulate balance by maintaining pH: -
correct answer ✔ ✔ 1. Chemical buffers
2. Respiratory System
-CO2
3. Kidneys
-HCO3
,chemical buffer systems - what do they do & 3 principle buffers - correct
answer ✔ ✔ Do not eliminate acids or bases from the body - they
minimize pH changes
React to minimize pH changes
Capacity of the buffer is limited
Hemostasis relies on the lungs and kidneys for true acid base
compensation
Three Principle Buffers:
1. Bicarbonate Buffer System
2. Transcellular Hydrogen-Potassium Exchange System
3. Protein Buffer System
Chemical Buffer System:
Transcellular Hydrogen/Potassium Exchange - correct answer ✔ ✔ -
Both H+ and K+ are positively charged
-Both H+ and K+ move freely between the ICF and ECF compartments
-When excess H+ is present in the intravascular space, it moves into the
ICF in exchange for K+
, -When excess K+ is present in the intravascular space, it moves into the
ICF in exchange for H+
respiratory system as buffer - correct answer ✔ ✔ Lungs are the
major organs of acid elimination
Lungs excrete carbonic acid in it's gaseous form (CO2)
As CO2 rises, acids ____and pH ____.
As CO2 falls, acids ___ and pH ____. - correct answer ✔ ✔ As CO2
rises, acids rise and pH falls
As CO2 falls, acids fall and pH rises
How do the lungs help to regulate CO2 levels? - correct answer ✔ ✔
Person has accumulation of CO2 -->
To regulate the acid-base balance, the body will increase ventilation -->
With increased ventilation, CO2 will be eliminated -->
