NURS 502 Exam 2 | Questions with 100% Verified Answers |
Latest Update 2026/2027
Question: T/F Your lungs are two spongey organs in your chest.
Answer: True
Question: T/F: Left lung has 2 lobes while your right lung has 3 lobes
Answer: True
Question: Pleura
Answer: Lubricated so that the lungs can slide across the chest wall.
-If air enters the space it is known as Pneumothorax
Question: During normal respiration the lungs contract/expand within
the chest cavity.
Answer: The lungs are encased within two layers of tissue.
Think of a fist pushed into a ballon
Question: Spirometry
Answer: A test of how well your lungs are working by measuring how fast and how much air
you
can breathe in and out.
Question: As you inhale, air moves freely through...
Answer: 1. Trachea (windpipe)
2. Bronchi (left and right)
3. Bronchioles
4. Alevoli (small capillaries surround your alveoli)
Question: Alveoli
Answer: Small capillaries surround your alveoli. It is where the lungs and the blood exchange
oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of breathing in and breathing out.
,Question: What is a spirometry test used for?
Answer: 1. identify lung disease
2. check the severity of existing lung disease
3. determine if medications are helping
It measures the air you breathe out.
How to take a spirometry test:
-sit in a comfortable chair with your feet flat on the floor
-may be asked to remove dentures
-raise head and chin so you can breathe easily
-some place a clip on nose to prevent air from getting in your nostrils
-take a deep breath filling your lungs completely with air and hold it
-place spirometer's mouthpiece between your teeth and seal your lips around it
-blast air out of your lungs as fast and as hard as you can
-blow for at least 6 seconds for adults, 3 seconds for children 10 years and under
-do 3x to get accurate results
Question: Signs and Symptoms of Pulmonary Disease
Answer: -Dyspnea (orthopnea, paraoxysmal nocturnal dyspnea)
-Kussmaul respirations
-Cheyne-Stokes
-Cyanosis
-Pain
-Hypoventilation
-Hyperventilation
-Cough (acute/chronic)
-Hemoptysis
-Clubbing
-Abnormal sputum
Question: Dyspnea
Answer: Refers to the sensation of difficult or uncomfortable breathing.
-subjective experience perceived and reported by an affected patient
-Shortness of breath, labored breathing
Question: Orthopnea
Answer: Dyspnea when a person is lying down.
-Relieved when you sit or stand up
-can be associated with congestive heart failure and pulmonary edema
, Question: Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Answer: Sensation of shortness of breath that wakes a patient up after about 1-2 hours of
sleep.
-this occurs because increased fluid central circulation with reclining position
-attacks are accompanied by coughing, feeling of suffocation, cold sweat, and
tachycardia w/ a gallop rhythm.
-Relieved when a patient sits up
-or putting a pillow under head to prop head up
-associated with CHF and pulmonary edema
Question: Kussmaul respirations
Answer: slightly increased rate deep and labored breathing pattern often associated with
severe
metabolic acidosis, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) but also kidney failure or
strenuous exercise
Question: Cheyne-Stokes respirations
Answer: breathing pattern where you have periods of deep and shallow breathing and periods
of
apnea where there won't be breathing.
Question: Hyperventilation
Answer: abnormally fast or deep respiration like in Kussmaul respiration.
-when you blow off your CO2, you will have less carbonic acid and lead to respiratory
alkalosis.
-shift to the left, greater binding of oxygen to the hemoglobin
Question: Hypoventilation
Answer: reduced or deficient ventilation of the lungs.
-may see this in a drug overdose
-build up/retain CO2, you will have more carbonic acid and lead to respiratory acidosis
-you will see a shift to the right, decrease affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen which means
that more oxygen is going to be delivered to the tissues
Question: In x-rays what does the white area indicate?
Answer: indicates density
collapsed lung
dark areas: aerated more of the normal lung
Latest Update 2026/2027
Question: T/F Your lungs are two spongey organs in your chest.
Answer: True
Question: T/F: Left lung has 2 lobes while your right lung has 3 lobes
Answer: True
Question: Pleura
Answer: Lubricated so that the lungs can slide across the chest wall.
-If air enters the space it is known as Pneumothorax
Question: During normal respiration the lungs contract/expand within
the chest cavity.
Answer: The lungs are encased within two layers of tissue.
Think of a fist pushed into a ballon
Question: Spirometry
Answer: A test of how well your lungs are working by measuring how fast and how much air
you
can breathe in and out.
Question: As you inhale, air moves freely through...
Answer: 1. Trachea (windpipe)
2. Bronchi (left and right)
3. Bronchioles
4. Alevoli (small capillaries surround your alveoli)
Question: Alveoli
Answer: Small capillaries surround your alveoli. It is where the lungs and the blood exchange
oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of breathing in and breathing out.
,Question: What is a spirometry test used for?
Answer: 1. identify lung disease
2. check the severity of existing lung disease
3. determine if medications are helping
It measures the air you breathe out.
How to take a spirometry test:
-sit in a comfortable chair with your feet flat on the floor
-may be asked to remove dentures
-raise head and chin so you can breathe easily
-some place a clip on nose to prevent air from getting in your nostrils
-take a deep breath filling your lungs completely with air and hold it
-place spirometer's mouthpiece between your teeth and seal your lips around it
-blast air out of your lungs as fast and as hard as you can
-blow for at least 6 seconds for adults, 3 seconds for children 10 years and under
-do 3x to get accurate results
Question: Signs and Symptoms of Pulmonary Disease
Answer: -Dyspnea (orthopnea, paraoxysmal nocturnal dyspnea)
-Kussmaul respirations
-Cheyne-Stokes
-Cyanosis
-Pain
-Hypoventilation
-Hyperventilation
-Cough (acute/chronic)
-Hemoptysis
-Clubbing
-Abnormal sputum
Question: Dyspnea
Answer: Refers to the sensation of difficult or uncomfortable breathing.
-subjective experience perceived and reported by an affected patient
-Shortness of breath, labored breathing
Question: Orthopnea
Answer: Dyspnea when a person is lying down.
-Relieved when you sit or stand up
-can be associated with congestive heart failure and pulmonary edema
, Question: Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Answer: Sensation of shortness of breath that wakes a patient up after about 1-2 hours of
sleep.
-this occurs because increased fluid central circulation with reclining position
-attacks are accompanied by coughing, feeling of suffocation, cold sweat, and
tachycardia w/ a gallop rhythm.
-Relieved when a patient sits up
-or putting a pillow under head to prop head up
-associated with CHF and pulmonary edema
Question: Kussmaul respirations
Answer: slightly increased rate deep and labored breathing pattern often associated with
severe
metabolic acidosis, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) but also kidney failure or
strenuous exercise
Question: Cheyne-Stokes respirations
Answer: breathing pattern where you have periods of deep and shallow breathing and periods
of
apnea where there won't be breathing.
Question: Hyperventilation
Answer: abnormally fast or deep respiration like in Kussmaul respiration.
-when you blow off your CO2, you will have less carbonic acid and lead to respiratory
alkalosis.
-shift to the left, greater binding of oxygen to the hemoglobin
Question: Hypoventilation
Answer: reduced or deficient ventilation of the lungs.
-may see this in a drug overdose
-build up/retain CO2, you will have more carbonic acid and lead to respiratory acidosis
-you will see a shift to the right, decrease affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen which means
that more oxygen is going to be delivered to the tissues
Question: In x-rays what does the white area indicate?
Answer: indicates density
collapsed lung
dark areas: aerated more of the normal lung
