NUR 112 Fundamentals of Nursing / Nursing
Concepts I Final Comprehensive
Examination 2026/2027 | Verified Questions
ACTUAL QUESTIONS
Domain 1: Fundamental Nursing Concepts and Nursing Process
Question 1. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the nursing process?
A. Implementation, assessment, planning, diagnosis, evaluation
B. Assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation
C. Evaluation, planning, assessment, diagnosis, implementation
D. Diagnosis, evaluation, assessment, planning, implementation
Rationale: The nursing process follows a systematic sequence: assessment (data
collection), diagnosis (problem identification), planning (goal setting and
interventions), implementation (carrying out the plan), and evaluation
(determining goal achievement).
Question 2. A nursing diagnosis differs from a medical diagnosis in that a nursing
diagnosis:
A. Focuses on the patient's response to health conditions or life processes
B. Identifies a disease or pathologic condition
C. Can only be made by a physician
D. Remains constant throughout the patient's hospital stay
Rationale: Nursing diagnoses address the patient's human responses to actual or
potential health problems. Medical diagnoses identify diseases or conditions and
are determined by physicians or advanced practitioners.
Question 3. Which component is required for a properly written nursing diagnosis
statement using the PES format?
A. Only the problem
B. Problem, etiology (related factors), and signs/symptoms (defining
characteristics)
C. Problem, etiology (related factors), and signs/symptoms (defining
characteristics)
D. Only the medical diagnosis
,Rationale: The PES format includes the Problem (diagnostic label), Etiology
(related factors), and Signs/Symptoms (defining characteristics). This structure
supports clear communication and individualized care planning.
Question 4. The primary purpose of the assessment phase of the nursing process is
to:
A. Administer medications
B. Collect and organize data about the patient's health status
C. Evaluate the effectiveness of interventions
D. Write the discharge summary
Rationale: Assessment involves systematic collection of subjective and objective
data. Accurate assessment forms the foundation for identifying nursing diagnoses
and planning appropriate care.
Question 5. During which phase of the nursing process does the nurse determine
whether the patient has met the expected outcomes?
A. Assessment
B. Planning
C. Implementation
D. Evaluation
Rationale: Evaluation is the final phase of the nursing process, where the nurse
compares the patient's current status to the expected outcomes established during
the planning phase.
Question 6. A nurse is prioritizing patient care using Maslow's Hierarchy of
Needs. Which patient need should the nurse address first?
A. A patient who is lonely and wants to talk
B. A patient who is experiencing difficulty breathing
C. A patient who needs discharge teaching
D. A patient who is requesting pain medication
Rationale: According to Maslow's Hierarchy, physiological needs (such as airway,
breathing, and circulation) take priority over safety, love/belonging, esteem, and
self-actualization needs.
Question 7. Which ethical principle requires the nurse to act in the best interest of
the patient?
A. Autonomy
B. Beneficence
C. Justice
,D. Fidelity
Rationale: Beneficence is the ethical principle of doing good or acting in the best
interest of the patient. Autonomy respects the patient's right to make decisions.
Justice refers to fairness. Fidelity refers to keeping promises.
Question 8. A patient refuses a prescribed medication. Which ethical principle
supports the patient's right to refuse?
A. Beneficence
B. Autonomy
C. Nonmaleficence
D. Justice
Rationale: Autonomy is the ethical principle that respects the patient's right to self-
determination and to make their own healthcare decisions, including the right to
refuse treatment.
Question 9. What is the primary purpose of the Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act (HIPAA)?
A. To ensure healthcare workers receive fair wages
B. To protect the privacy and security of patients' protected health
information (PHI)
C. To provide health insurance for all citizens
D. To regulate the cost of prescription medications
Rationale: HIPAA is a federal law that establishes national standards for the
protection of sensitive patient health information.
Question 10. A nurse is preparing to document patient care. Which documentation
method uses a problem-oriented approach?
A. Charting by exception
B. SOAP notes (Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan)
C. Focus charting
D. Narrative charting
Rationale: SOAP notes are a problem-oriented documentation method that
organizes data into Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan categories.
Question 11. Which communication technique is most appropriate for a nurse to
use when a patient is expressing fear?
A. "Don't worry, everything will be fine."
B. "Why are you afraid?"
C. "Can you tell me what is causing your fear?"
, D. "You shouldn't feel that way."
Rationale: Using an open-ended, non-judgmental question encourages the patient
to express their feelings and provides an opportunity for therapeutic
communication. False reassurance and "why" questions are barriers to
communication.
Question 12. A nurse is receiving a handoff report. Which communication tool is
recommended to ensure patient safety?
A. SOAP
B. SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation)
C. PIE
D. DAR
Rationale: SBAR is a standardized communication tool used to convey critical
patient information clearly and concisely during handoffs, reducing the risk of
errors.
Question 13. Which of the following is an example of a subjective data finding?
A. Blood pressure of 130/80 mmHg
B. Patient reports nausea
C. Temperature of 101.2°F
D. Heart rate of 88 beats per minute
Rationale: Subjective data is information reported by the patient, such as feelings,
perceptions, and symptoms (e.g., nausea, pain). Objective data is measurable and
observable by the nurse.
Question 14. A nurse is assessing a patient's cultural practices. Which action
demonstrates cultural competence?
A. Assuming all patients from a specific culture have the same beliefs
B. Asking the patient about their cultural beliefs and preferences regarding
healthcare
C. Ignoring cultural differences to provide standardized care
D. Telling the patient their cultural practices are not scientifically proven
Rationale: Cultural competence involves respecting and asking about the patient's
individual cultural beliefs, values, and practices to provide culturally congruent
care.
Question 15. What is the role of the nurse as an advocate?
A. To make all decisions for the patient
B. To protect and support the patient's rights and interests
Concepts I Final Comprehensive
Examination 2026/2027 | Verified Questions
ACTUAL QUESTIONS
Domain 1: Fundamental Nursing Concepts and Nursing Process
Question 1. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the nursing process?
A. Implementation, assessment, planning, diagnosis, evaluation
B. Assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation
C. Evaluation, planning, assessment, diagnosis, implementation
D. Diagnosis, evaluation, assessment, planning, implementation
Rationale: The nursing process follows a systematic sequence: assessment (data
collection), diagnosis (problem identification), planning (goal setting and
interventions), implementation (carrying out the plan), and evaluation
(determining goal achievement).
Question 2. A nursing diagnosis differs from a medical diagnosis in that a nursing
diagnosis:
A. Focuses on the patient's response to health conditions or life processes
B. Identifies a disease or pathologic condition
C. Can only be made by a physician
D. Remains constant throughout the patient's hospital stay
Rationale: Nursing diagnoses address the patient's human responses to actual or
potential health problems. Medical diagnoses identify diseases or conditions and
are determined by physicians or advanced practitioners.
Question 3. Which component is required for a properly written nursing diagnosis
statement using the PES format?
A. Only the problem
B. Problem, etiology (related factors), and signs/symptoms (defining
characteristics)
C. Problem, etiology (related factors), and signs/symptoms (defining
characteristics)
D. Only the medical diagnosis
,Rationale: The PES format includes the Problem (diagnostic label), Etiology
(related factors), and Signs/Symptoms (defining characteristics). This structure
supports clear communication and individualized care planning.
Question 4. The primary purpose of the assessment phase of the nursing process is
to:
A. Administer medications
B. Collect and organize data about the patient's health status
C. Evaluate the effectiveness of interventions
D. Write the discharge summary
Rationale: Assessment involves systematic collection of subjective and objective
data. Accurate assessment forms the foundation for identifying nursing diagnoses
and planning appropriate care.
Question 5. During which phase of the nursing process does the nurse determine
whether the patient has met the expected outcomes?
A. Assessment
B. Planning
C. Implementation
D. Evaluation
Rationale: Evaluation is the final phase of the nursing process, where the nurse
compares the patient's current status to the expected outcomes established during
the planning phase.
Question 6. A nurse is prioritizing patient care using Maslow's Hierarchy of
Needs. Which patient need should the nurse address first?
A. A patient who is lonely and wants to talk
B. A patient who is experiencing difficulty breathing
C. A patient who needs discharge teaching
D. A patient who is requesting pain medication
Rationale: According to Maslow's Hierarchy, physiological needs (such as airway,
breathing, and circulation) take priority over safety, love/belonging, esteem, and
self-actualization needs.
Question 7. Which ethical principle requires the nurse to act in the best interest of
the patient?
A. Autonomy
B. Beneficence
C. Justice
,D. Fidelity
Rationale: Beneficence is the ethical principle of doing good or acting in the best
interest of the patient. Autonomy respects the patient's right to make decisions.
Justice refers to fairness. Fidelity refers to keeping promises.
Question 8. A patient refuses a prescribed medication. Which ethical principle
supports the patient's right to refuse?
A. Beneficence
B. Autonomy
C. Nonmaleficence
D. Justice
Rationale: Autonomy is the ethical principle that respects the patient's right to self-
determination and to make their own healthcare decisions, including the right to
refuse treatment.
Question 9. What is the primary purpose of the Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act (HIPAA)?
A. To ensure healthcare workers receive fair wages
B. To protect the privacy and security of patients' protected health
information (PHI)
C. To provide health insurance for all citizens
D. To regulate the cost of prescription medications
Rationale: HIPAA is a federal law that establishes national standards for the
protection of sensitive patient health information.
Question 10. A nurse is preparing to document patient care. Which documentation
method uses a problem-oriented approach?
A. Charting by exception
B. SOAP notes (Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan)
C. Focus charting
D. Narrative charting
Rationale: SOAP notes are a problem-oriented documentation method that
organizes data into Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan categories.
Question 11. Which communication technique is most appropriate for a nurse to
use when a patient is expressing fear?
A. "Don't worry, everything will be fine."
B. "Why are you afraid?"
C. "Can you tell me what is causing your fear?"
, D. "You shouldn't feel that way."
Rationale: Using an open-ended, non-judgmental question encourages the patient
to express their feelings and provides an opportunity for therapeutic
communication. False reassurance and "why" questions are barriers to
communication.
Question 12. A nurse is receiving a handoff report. Which communication tool is
recommended to ensure patient safety?
A. SOAP
B. SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation)
C. PIE
D. DAR
Rationale: SBAR is a standardized communication tool used to convey critical
patient information clearly and concisely during handoffs, reducing the risk of
errors.
Question 13. Which of the following is an example of a subjective data finding?
A. Blood pressure of 130/80 mmHg
B. Patient reports nausea
C. Temperature of 101.2°F
D. Heart rate of 88 beats per minute
Rationale: Subjective data is information reported by the patient, such as feelings,
perceptions, and symptoms (e.g., nausea, pain). Objective data is measurable and
observable by the nurse.
Question 14. A nurse is assessing a patient's cultural practices. Which action
demonstrates cultural competence?
A. Assuming all patients from a specific culture have the same beliefs
B. Asking the patient about their cultural beliefs and preferences regarding
healthcare
C. Ignoring cultural differences to provide standardized care
D. Telling the patient their cultural practices are not scientifically proven
Rationale: Cultural competence involves respecting and asking about the patient's
individual cultural beliefs, values, and practices to provide culturally congruent
care.
Question 15. What is the role of the nurse as an advocate?
A. To make all decisions for the patient
B. To protect and support the patient's rights and interests
